A toxidrome (portmanteau toxic and syndrome ) is a syndrome caused by a dangerous level of toxins in the body. The term was coined in 1970 by Mofenson and Greensher. Often the result of drug overdose. Common symptoms include dizziness, disorientation, nausea, vomiting, and oscillopsia. Toksidrome may indicate a medical emergency requiring treatment at a poison control center. In addition to poisoning, systemic infections can also cause toxidrome. The "classic" toxin is presented below, but they are often variable or obscured by co-ingestion of some drugs.
Video Toxidrome
Anticholinergic
Symptoms of anticholinergic toxidrome include blurred vision, coma, decreased bowel sounds, delirium, dry skin, fever, redness, hallucinations, ileus, memory loss, midriasis (enlarged pupil), myoclonus, psychosis, seizures, and urinary retention. Complications include hypertension, hyperthermia, and tachycardia. Substances that can cause this toxidrome include four "anti" antihistamines, antipsychotics, antidepressants, and antiparkinson's drugs as well as atropine, benztropin, datura, and scopolamine.
Due to the characteristics of the appearance and behavior of patients with this toxidrome, they are colloquially described as "Blinds as bats, crazy as topiters, red like bits, hot as Hades (or hot as rabbits), dry as bones, intestines and bladders lose tones them, and the heart runs on its own. "
Maps Toxidrome
Cholinergic
The symptoms of cholinergic toxidrome include bronchorrhea, confusion, defecation, diaphoresis, diarrhea, emesis, lacrimation, miosis, muscle fasciculation, salivation, seizures, urination, and weakness. Complications include bradycardia, hypothermia, and tachypnea. Substances that can cause this toxidrome include carbamates, fungi, and organophosphates.
Common mnemonics for organophosphoric poisoning include "killer B" from bradycardia, bronchrhea and bronchospasm as they are the leading cause of death, and SLUDGE - Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Diarrhea, indigestion, and Emesis.
An alternative mnemonic is DUMBBELLSS - Diarrhea, Urine, Miosis, Bradycardia, Bronchospasm, Emesis, Lacrimation, Lethargy, Salivation and Seizures.
Hallucinogenic
The symptoms of hallucinogenic toxidrome include disorientation, hallucinations, hyperactive bowel sounds, panic, and seizures. Complications include hypertension, tachycardia, and tachypnea. Substances that can cause this toxidrome include amphetamines, cocaine, and phencyclidine are replaced.
Opiate
Opiate toxicrom symptoms include classic comas trias, pinpoint pupils, respiratory depression as well as changes in mental state, shock, pulmonary edema and unresponsiveness. Complications include bradycardia, hypotension, and hypothermia. Substances that can cause this toxidrome are opioids.
Tranquilizer/hypnotics
Sedative/hypnotic toxidrome symptoms include ataxia, blurred vision, coma, confusion, delirium, central nervous system function deterioration, diplopia, dysesthesias, hallucinations, nystagmus, paresthesias, sedation, slurred speech, and fainting. Apnea is a potential complication. Substances that can cause this toxidrome include anticonvulsants, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid, Methaqualone, and ethanol. While most hypnotic tranquilizers are anticonvulsants, some such as GHB and methaqualone actually lower the seizure threshold, and can also cause paradoxical seizures in overdose.
Sympathomimetics
Symptoms of sympathomimetic toxidrome include anxiety, delusions, diaphoresis, hyperreflexia, midriasis, paranoia, piloerection, and seizures. Complications include hypertension, and tachycardia. Substances that can cause this toxidrome include salbutamol, amphetamines, cocaine, ephedrine (Ma Huang), methamphetamine, phenylpropanolamine (PPA's), and pseudoephedrine. It may appear very similar to anticholinergic toxidrom, but is distinguished by hyperactive and sweaty bowel sounds.
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Source of the article : Wikipedia
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