Abdominal x-ray

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A stomach x-ray is a stomach x-ray. Sometimes abbreviated AXR, or KUB (for kidney, ureter, and bladder).

Video Abdominal x-ray

Indication

In children, abdominal X-rays are shown in the acute setting:

• Suspected intestinal obstruction or gastrointestinal perforation; An x-ray stomach will show most cases of intestinal obstruction, by indicating bowel loop dilatation.
• Foreign objects in the digestive tract; can be identified if radiodense.
• Alleged mass abdominal
• In intussusception, abdominal x-rays do not exclude intussusception but are useful in differential diagnosis to exclude perforation or obstruction.

However, CT scan is the best alternative to diagnose intra-abdominal injury.

For acute abdominal pain in adults, abdominal X-rays have low sensitivity and low accuracy in general, as well as for certain conditions such as gastrointestinal perforation, intestinal obstruction, swallowed foreign objects, and ureteral stones. Computed tomography, particularly computed tomography after abdominal ultrasound is negative, provides better examination than projected abdominal radiography alone. Computed tomography provides better overall surgical planning strategies, and perhaps less unnecessary laparotomy. Therefore, abdominal X-rays are not recommended for adults with acute abdominal pain that appear in the emergency department.

Maps Abdominal x-ray

Projection

Standard stomach X-ray protocol is usually a single anteroposterior projection in the supine position. Special projections include susceptible PA, Lateral Decubitus, AP upright, and Cross-Table Lateral (with supine patient) A minimal acute obstructive series (for the purpose of excluding small bowel obstruction) will include two views: typically, outstretched and upright views (which will enough to detect the level of air fluid), although the lateral decubitus may be replaced for the upright.

The coverage on the x-ray should include from the top of the Heart (or diaphragm) to the symphysis pubis. Abdominal organs included in the xray are the liver, spleen, stomach, intestines, pancreas, kidneys, and bladder.

KUB

KUB stands for K idneys, U reters, and B . KUB projection does not have to include the diaphragm. Projection includes the entire urinary system, from the pubic symphysis to the superior aspects of the kidneys. An anteroposterior abdominal projection (AP), on the contrary, does include a billateral diaphragm. If the patient is large, more than one film contained in Bucky in the direction of "landscape" can be used for each projection. This is done to ensure that most of the gut can be reviewed.

KUB is plain abdominal plain radiographs plain. This is often supplemented by an erect chest PA display (to rule out air under the diaphragm or thoracic aetiology as a stomach complaint) and stomach standing view (to distinguish obstruction from ileus by checking gastrointestinal/water levels).

Despite its name, KUB is not typically used to investigate renal, ureter, or bladder pathology, because this structure is difficult to assess (eg, the kidneys may not be visible due to excessive intestinal gas.) To assess this radiographic structure, a technique called intravenous pielogram historically used, and today in many CT urographic institutions is the technique of choice.

KUB is usually used to investigate gastrointestinal conditions such as intestinal obstruction and gallstones, and can detect the presence of kidney stones. KUB is often used to diagnose constipation because the stools can be seen easily. KUB is also used to assess the position of in-living devices such as stent ureter and nasogastric tube. KUB is also performed as a reconnaissance film for other procedures such as barium enema.

Gastrointestinal Series

The upper gastrointestinal set is where contrast media, usually radiocontrast agents such as barium sulfate salt mixed with water, is digested or inserted into the gastrointestinal tract, and X-rays are used to make radiographs of the desired area. Barium increases the visibility of the relevant parts of the gastrointestinal tract by coating the inside of the channel wall and appearing white in the film.

A lower gastrointestinal set is where radiography is taken when barium sulfate, the radiocontrast agent, fills the large intestine through the enema through the rectum. The term barium enema usually refers to the lower gastrointestinal series, although the enteroclysis (upper gastrointestinal series) is often called the small bowel of barium enema.

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See also

• X-ray
• Acute abdomen
• Abdominal pain
• Medical imaging
• Chest X-ray
• Radiographers

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References

Source of the article : Wikipedia