Cardiac monitoring generally refers to the continuous or intermittent monitoring of cardiac activity, generally by electrocardiography, by assessing the patient's condition relative to their heart rhythm. This differs from hemodynamic monitoring, which monitors pressure and blood flow in the cardiovascular system. Both can be performed simultaneously in critical heart patients. Cardiac monitoring with a small device used by an outpatient (one good enough for walking) is known as outpatient electrocardiography (such as with a Holter monitor, wireless ambulatory EKG, or implanted loop recorder). Sending data from a monitor to a remote monitoring station is known as telemetry or biotelemetry.
Video Cardiac monitoring
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In the setting of acute medical care outside the hospital, ambulance services, and other emergency medical providers utilize a heart monitor to assess the patient's heart rhythm. Providers licensed or certified at the Intermediate or Paramedical level are eligible to interpret the ECG. Findings of cardiac dysrhythmias (or, in this case, normal sinus rhythm) may provide additional information about the patient's condition or may be sufficient self-diagnosis to guide treatment. Treatment for certain heart rhythms is guided by the ACLS. Basic EMTs are allowed to apply electrodes and operate the monitor physically but do not interpret the rhythm.
Maps Cardiac monitoring
In the emergency
In the emergency department, cardiac monitoring is part of monitoring vital signs in emergency medicine, and generally includes electrocardiography.
Monitor/Defibrillator
Some digital patient monitors, especially those using EMS services, often insert the defibrillator into the patient's own monitor. These monitors/defibrillators usually have normal ICU monitor capability, but have manual (and usually semi-automatic) defibrillation capabilities. This is excellent for EMS services, which require a compact, easy-to-use monitor and defibrillator, as well as for inter-patient or intrafacility transport. Most defibrillator monitors also have transcutaneous capability through large AEDs such as adhesive pads (which can often be used for monitoring, defibrillation and pacing) applied to patients in anterior-posterior configuration. The defibrillator monitor unit often has special monitoring parameters such as wave capnography, invasive BP, and on multiple monitors, Masimo Rainbow SET pulse oximetry. Examples of monitor defibrillators are Lifepak 12, 15 and 20 made by Physio Control, Philips Heartstart MRx, and E, R, and X Series by ZOLL Medical.
Long-term ambulatory monitor
There are two broad classifications for heart event monitors: manual (or stupid) and automatic. The automatic ECG event monitor has the ability to monitor the patient's ECG and make records of abnormal events without requiring patient intervention. The manual ECG recorder requires the patient to have symptoms and activate the device to record the event; this makes the device useless while, for example, the patient is sleeping. The third classification, implantable loop recorder, provides automatic and manual capabilities.
An example of automatic monitoring is a transtelephonic heart show monitor. This monitor contacts the ECG technician, by phone, regularly transmits the ECG rhythm for ongoing monitoring. Monitoring of transtelephonic heart events can usually save about five "cardiac events" typically lasting 30-60 seconds.
Heart rate monitoring
Heart rate monitoring can be performed as part of electrocardiography, but can also be measured conveniently with a particular heartbeat monitor. Heart rate monitors like these are mostly used by players of various types of physical exercise
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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