A food tube is a medical device used to provide nutrients to people who can not get nutrients by mouth, can not swallow safely, or need nutritional supplements. Circumstances fed by a filler tube are called gavage , enteral feeding or feed tube . Placement may be temporary for the treatment of acute or lifelong conditions in cases of chronic disability. Various filler tubes are used in medical practice. They are usually made of polyurethane or silicon. The diameter of the filler tube is measured in French units (each French unit is equal to 0.33 millimeters). They are classified by the insertion site and intended use.
Video Feeding tube
Medical use
There are dozens of conditions that may require tube feeding. More general conditions requiring a fill tube include prematurity, failure to develop (or malnutrition), neurological and neuromuscular disorders, inability to swallow, anatomical malformations and post-surgery of the mouth and throat, cancer, Sanfilippo syndrome, and indigestion.
Children
Food tubes are widely used in children with tremendous success for a variety of conditions. Some children use it temporarily until they can feed themselves, while other children need long-term. Some children only use food tubes to supplement their oral diet, while others rely solely on them exclusively.
Dementia
People with advanced dementia who are fed for food rather than eating tubes have better results. Food tubes do not increase life expectancy for such people, or protect them from aspiration pneumonia. Food tubes can also increase the risk of ulcer pressure, requiring pharmacological or physical barriers, and causing distress. In the late stages of dementia, supplementary feeding may still be preferred over feeding tubes to benefit from palliative care and human interaction even when nutritional goals are not met.
ICU
Food tubes are often used in intensive care units (ICUs) to provide nutrition to critically ill people while their medical condition is handled; in 2016 there is no consensus as to whether nasogastric or gastric tube leads to better results.
Mechanical obstruction and dismotility
At least there is moderate evidence to feed the tube-boosting results for chronic malnutrition in people with head and neck cancers that block the esophagus and will limit oral intake, people with advanced gastroparesis, and ALS. For long-term use, gastric tube appears to have better results than nasogastric tubes.
GI operations
People who undergo surgery in their throat or stomach often have a food hose while recovering from surgery; a tube that leads through the nose and down into the middle portion of the small intestine is used, or the tube is directly placed through the stomach into the small intestine. By 2017, it seems that people with tubes through the nose can start eating early quickly.
Maps Feeding tube
Product type
Medical nutrition companies make scented products for drinking and are not fed for tubing. It is regulated as a medical food, defined in section 5 (b) of the Orphan Drug Act (21 USC 360ee (b) (3)) as "food formulated for consumption or administered enterally under the supervision of a physician and intended for diet management specifically from a disease or condition to which specific nutritional requirements, based on recognized scientific principles, are determined by medical evaluations. "
Complications
Nasogastric and nasojejeunal tubes are intended to bring liquid food to the stomach or intestines. When improperly inserted, the tip may rest in the respiratory system, not the stomach or intestines; in this case, liquid food will enter the lungs, cause pneumonia and can, in rare cases, cause death.
Complications associated with gastrostomy tubes (inserted through the abdomen and into the stomach or intestine) include leakage of the contents of the stomach (containing hydrochloric acid) around the tube into the abdominal cavity (peritoneum) resulting in peritonitis, a serious complication that will cause death if not treated properly. Septic shock is another possible complication. Small leaks can cause skin irritation around the site of gastrostomy or stoma. Barrier cream, to protect the skin from corrosive acid, is used to manage this.
A phenomenon called "tubular dependence" has been discussed in the medical literature, where a child refuses to eat after being in a filler tube, but is not recognized as a disturbance in ICD or DSM and his epidemiology is unknown.
Type
The most common types of tubes include those placed through the nose, including nasogastric, nasoduodenal, and nasojejunal tubes, and that are placed directly into the abdomen, such as gastrostomy, gastrojejunostomy, or jejunostomy feeding tube.
Nasogastric feeding tube
A nasogastric feeding tube or NG-tube is passed through the nostril, down the esophagus and into the stomach. This type of filler tube is commonly used for short-term feeding, usually less than a month, although some infants and children may use long-tube NG tubes. Individuals who need to eat tubes for longer periods are usually transferred to a more permanent tube feeding tube. The main advantage of the NG-tube is that it is temporary and relatively noninvasive, which means it can be removed or replaced at any time without surgery. The NG-tube can have complications, especially those associated with accidental tube removal and nasal irritation.
Feeding tube nasojejunal
A nasojejunal or NJ-tube is similar to an NG-tube except that it threads through the stomach and enters the jejunum, the middle portion of the small intestine. In some cases, nasoduodenal or ND-tube can be placed into the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine. This type of tube is used for individuals who can not tolerate eating into the stomach, due to gastric dysfunction, gastric motility disorders, severe reflux or vomiting. This type of tube should be placed in the hospital.
Gastrostomi or stomach feeding tube
A gastric feeding tube ( G-tube or "button") is a tube inserted through a small incision in the stomach into the stomach and used for long-term enteral nutrition. One type is percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) which is placed endoscopically. Endoscopic positions can be visualized outside the person's abdomen because they contain a strong source of light. The needle is inserted through the abdomen, visualized in the stomach by endoscopy, and the stitch passes through the needle held by the endoscope and is pulled through the esophagus. The stitches are then fastened to the end of the external PEG tube, and pulled down through the esophagus, stomach, and out through the abdominal wall. The insertion takes about 20 minutes. The tube is stored in the stomach either by a balloon at its end (which can be deflated) or by a wider retention dome than a tube tube. The G-tube can also be placed surgically, using an open or laparoscopic technique.
Stomach feed tubes are suitable for long-term use, though sometimes need to be replaced if used in the long run. G-tube can be useful where there is difficulty swallowing due to neurological or anatomical disorders (stroke, esophageal atresia, tracheoesophageal fistula, radiotherapy for head and neck cancer), and to reduce the risk of aspiration pneumonia. However, in people with advanced dementia or adult failure to develop does not reduce the risk of pneumonia. There is evidence of moderate quality indicating that the risk of aspiration pneumonia can be reduced by inserting a duodenal or jejunal (post-pilorus) filler tube, when compared to inserting a food hose into the stomach. People with dementia may try to remove PEG, which causes complications.
Gastric drainage tube
G-tubes can be used as gastric drainage as a long-term solution to the conditions in which a blockage in the proximal small intestine causes bile and acid to accumulate in the stomach, usually causing periodic vomiting, or if the vagus nerve is damaged. Where such conditions are only short-term, as in hospital settings, nasal tubes connected to suction are commonly used. A lower blockage in the intestinal tract can be resolved by a surgical procedure known as colostomy, and one type of blockage can be repaired by bowel resection in appropriate circumstances. If such correction is impossible or practical, nutrients can be supplied by parenteral nutrition.
Gastrojejunal feeding tube
Gastrojejunostomy or GJ feeding tube is a combination device that includes access to the stomach and jejunum, or the center of the small intestine. Typical tubes are placed on a G-tube site or stoma, with longer narrow tubes that continue through the stomach and into the small intestine. The GJ tube is used extensively in individuals with severe gastric motility, high risk of aspiration, or inability to feed into the stomach. This allows the stomach to be constantly discarded or dried while simultaneously inserted into the small intestine. GJ-tubes are usually placed by intervention radiologists in hospital settings. The main complication of the GJ-tube is the migration of the long part of the tube out of the intestine and back into the stomach.
Jejunal feeding tube
A jejunostomy feeding tube ( J-tube ) is a tube inserted surgically or endoscopically through the abdomen and into the jejunum (the second part of the small intestine).
See also
- Bioethics
- Forcibly feeding to feed the tube against individual desires or as torture
- Nutritional enema
- Nasogastric Tube
- Gastrostomy
- percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
- Jejunostomi
References
External links
- American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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