A fire alarm system has a number of devices that work together to detect and alert people through visual and audio devices when smoke, fire, carbon monoxide or other emergencies are present. This alarm can be activated automatically from smoke detectors, and heat detectors or can also be activated through manual fire alarm activation devices such as manual call point or station pull. Alarms can be motorized bells or levers or mountable horn walls. They can also be loudspeakers that sound an alarm, followed by an evacuation message that warns people inside the building not to use the elevator. The sound of the fire alarm can be set to a specific frequency and different tones including low, medium and high depending on the country and the manufacturer of the device. Most fire alarm systems in Europe sound like sirens with alternating frequencies. Electronic fire alarm devices known as horns in the United States and Canada can be either continuous or set to different codes such as Code 3. Fire alarm warning devices can also be set to different volume levels. The Fire Alarm System in the UK is tested every week according to BS-fire regulations 2013.
Video Fire alarm system
Design
Once the purpose of fire protection is set - usually by referring to the minimum level of protection mandated by the appropriate modeling code, insurance agency, and other authorities - the fire alarm designer undertakes to detail the specific components, settings, and interfaces required to achieve this goal. Tools specially made for this purpose are selected and standard installation methods are anticipated during the design. In the United States, NFPA 72, The National Fire Alarm Code is a well established and widely used deployment standard. In Canada, ULC is the standard for fire systems. The equivalent standard in England is BS 5839 Part 1.
EN 54 is a mandatory standard for fire detection and fire alarm systems in the European Union, which aims to establish technical standards aligned to which products on the ground should be standardized and certified by qualified test houses known as the Announced Body. Each product for a fire alarm system must reach the standard specified in EN 54 in order to carry the CE mark, which in turn is necessary if the product is to be delivered and installed in any EU country. This is a standard that is widely used around the world.
Maps Fire alarm system
Section
- Fire alarm control panel (FACP) AKA fire alarm control unit (FACU); This component, the hub of the system, monitors system input and integrity, controls the output and relay information.
- Primary power supply: Generally a non-active 120 or 240-volt alternating current source supplied from a commercial power utility. In non-residential applications, branch circuits are dedicated to fire alarm systems and their constituents. "Custom branch circuits" should not be confused with "Individual branches" that supply energy to a single device.
- Backup (backup): This component, generally composed of a closed lead acid storage battery or other emergency sources including a generator, is used to supply energy in the event of a major power failure. The battery can be on the bottom of the panel or inside a separate battery box installed near the panel.
- Starting device: This component acts as an input to the fire alarm control unit and is turned on manually or automatically. Examples are devices such as tensile stations, heat detectors, and smoke detectors. Hot and smoke detectors have different categories of both types. Some categories are beams, photoelectric, ionisation, aspirations, and channels.
- Notification appliances: This component uses energy supplied from a fire alarm system or other stored energy source, to inform the nearest person about the need to take action, usually to evacuate. This is done by means of incandescent light bulbs, flashing strobe lights, electromechanical horns, electronic horns, bell rings, speakers, or any combination of these devices. Blits are made of xenon tube (most common) or LED recently.
- Build a security interface: This interface allows a fire alarm system to control aspects of the built environment and to prepare buildings for fire, and to control the spread of smoke and fire by affecting air movement, lighting, process control, transport man and out.
Starting device
- Devices that are manually enabled; also known as a fire alarm box, a manual pull station, or simply pull the station, break the glass station, and (in Europe) the call point. Devices for manual fire alarm activation are installed to be easy to find (near the exit), identified and operated. They are usually driven by physical interactions, such as pulling a lever or breaking glass.
- Automated devices can take many forms that are intended to respond to a number of detectable physical changes related to fire: heat energy of convection; heat detector, combustion product; smoke detector, radiation energy; fire detector, combustion gases; gas fire detector, and fire extinguishing agent; water flow detector. The latest innovations can use cameras and computer algorithms to analyze the visible effects of fire and movement in applications that are unsuitable or hostile to other detection methods, such as the Signifire Fike Corporation system.
Notification tools
- Notification Tools use audible, visible, tactile, textual or even olfactory stimulation to alert residents of the need to evacuate or take action in the event of a fire or other emergency. Evacuation signals may consist of simple equipment that sends uncoded information, coded equipment that sends predetermined patterns, and or equipment that transmit readable and visible textual information such as live or pre-recorded instructions, and the display of illuminated messages.
- In the United States, the fire alarm evacuation signal generally consists of a standard tone of voice, with visual notifications in all common and public areas of use. Emergency signals are intended to be different and understandable to avoid confusion with other signals.
As per NFPA 72, 18.4.2 (2010 Edition) The Temporal 3 Code is a standard notification that can be heard in modern systems. It consists of 3-cycle repeatable cycles (.5s on.5s off.5s.5s off.5s on 1.5s off). Voice Evacuation is the second most common sound in modern systems. The legacy system, usually found in schools and older buildings, has used continuous notes along with other sound schemes.
- An audible textual display, used as part of a fire alarm system that includes Emergency Voice Communications (EVAC) capabilities. High-reliability speakers are used to inform residents of the need for action in connection with fire or other emergencies. These speakers are employed in large facilities where non-directed public evacuations are considered impractical or undesirable. The signal from the speaker is used to direct the occupant's response. The system can be controlled from one or more locations within a building known as the Fire Station, or from one location designated as the Command Center building. The loudspeaker is automatically activated by the fire alarm system in the event of a fire, and following the alert tone, the selected group of speakers may send one or more pre-recorded messages that direct the passenger to a safe place. These messages can be repeated in one or more languages. Trained personnel who activate and speak to a special microphone can suppress automatic message repetition to start or deliver real-time voice instructions.
Emergency sound alarm communication system
- Some fire alarm systems utilize emergency voice alarm communication systems (EVACS) to provide pre-recorded and manual voicemail. Sound Alarm Systems are commonly used in high-rise buildings, arenas and other large "hang-in-place" residences such as hospitals and detention facilities where total evacuation is difficult to achieve.
- Voice-based systems provide response personnel with the ability to conduct orderly evacuations and inform building occupants about changing event situations.
- In tall buildings, different evacuation messages can be rotated to every floor, depending on the location of the fire. A fire-burning floor along with the one on it may be told to evacuate while a much lower floor may be required to stand.
Emergency notification system/emergency communications system
- New codes and standards introduced around 2010 especially the new UL 2572 Standard, US Department of Defense UFC 4-021-01 Design and O & amp; M Mass Notification System, and NFPA 72 edition 2010 Chapter 24 has led the Fire Alarm Systems Manufacturers to expand their system's evacuation capabilities to support new requirements for bulk notifications including support for some types of emergency messages (ie weather emergencies, security alerts, yellow alerts ). The main requirement of the mass notification system is to provide a prioritized message according to the local facility emergency response plan. The emergency response team should determine the priority of potential emergency events at the site and the fire alarm system should be able to support the promotion and decrease of notification demos under this emergency response plan. The Emergency Communications System also has requirements for notice that are visible in coordination with any audible notification activity to meet the requirements of States with Disabilities Act. Many manufacturers have attempted to certify their equipment to meet new and new standards. Categories of bulk notification systems include the following:
- The Tier 1 system is under construction and provides the highest survivability rate
- The Tier 2 system exits the building and provides intermediate survivability
- The Tier 3 system is "On Your Side" and provides the lowest survivability rate
The bulk notification system often extends the notification equipment from standard fire alarm systems to include PC-based workstations, text-based digital signage, and various remote notification options including email, text messages, RSS feeds or IVR-based phone text -a quick message.
Build security interface
- Magnetic smoke door holder: solenoid or electromagnet mounted wall or floor controlled by a fire alarm system or detection component that magnetically secures a closed, spring-covered door in an open position. Designed to remove magnets to allow automatic door closure on orders from fire control or for resource failures, interconnects or control elements. The energy stored in the form of a spring or gravity can then close the door to limit the travel of smoke from one room to another in an effort to maintain a sustainable atmosphere on both sides of the door during evacuation efforts and fire suppression in buildings. Electromagnetic fire door holders can be mounted to a fire panel, controlled by radio-induced radio waves from a central controller connected to a fire panel, or, acoustically, learning the sound of a fire alarm and releasing the door after hearing this is appropriate. sound.
- Duct-mounted smoke detector: smoke detection is installed in such a way as to sample the airflow through other chan- nels and plenary works specifically designed for the transport of environmental air into the conditioned space. The interconnection to the fan motor control circuitry is intended to stop air movement, closing the dampers and generally preventing the recirculation of toxic fumes and the smoke generated by the fire into habitable spaces.
- Emergency lift service: activation of automatic initiation devices associated with elevator operations is used to initiate emergency lift functions, such as pulling the associated elevator cabins. The recall will cause the cab elevator to return to the ground for use by the fire response team and to ensure that the taxi does not return to the fire incident, in addition to preventing people from being trapped in the elevator. Operation phase includes main drawing (usually ground level), alternative/secondary memory (usually floor adjacent to ground level - used when initiation occurs at ground level), illumination of "fire cap" indicator when alarm occurs at hoistway elevator or related control room , and in some cases a shunt trip (disengagement) of lift power (commonly used where the control room or hoistway is protected by a fire sprinkler).
- Public address shelf (PAR): the audio public address rack must be connected to a fire alarm system, by adding a signal control relay module to one of the rack power supply units, or to the main amplifier that drives this shelf. The goal is to "turn off" BGM (background music) from this shelf in case of an emergency in case of a fire that triggers an actual alarm.
category of the UK fire alarm system
Fire alarm systems in non-domestic locations are generally designed and installed in accordance with guidelines provided in BS 5839. Part 1. There are many types of fire alarm systems suitable for different types and building applications. Fire alarm systems can vary dramatically both in price and complexity, from single panels with detectors and sounds in small commercial properties to fire alarm systems that can be addressed in multi-residential buildings.
BS 5839 Part 1 categorizes fire alarm systems as:
- "M" manual system (no automatic fire detector so the building is equipped with call points and sounds),
- "L" automated systems intended for life protection, and
- "P" automated systems intended for property protection.
Categories for automated systems are subdivided into L1 to L5, and P1 to P2.
Zoning
Important considerations when designing fire alarms are individual zones. The following recommendations are found in BS 5839 Part 1:
- One zone should not exceed 2,000mÃ,² in the floor space.
- If any system can be addressed, two errors should not remove protection from areas greater than 10,000 m².
- Buildings can be viewed as single zones if floor space is less than 300m ².
- If the floor space exceeds 300mÃ,² then all zones should be limited to one floor level.
- Stairs, lift shafts or other vertical axles (nonstop risers) in one fire compartment shall be regarded as one or more separate zones.
- The maximum distance traveled within the zone to find fire should not exceed 60 m.
Also, the NFPA recommends placing a list for reference near FACP that shows the devices that exist in each zone.
See also
- Fire Safety Compliance System
- Multi-alarm fire
- National Fire Protection Association
- Smoke alarm
- Fire bills
References
External links
- Sample Specification Section 283100 Fire Alarm System
- Official guide for fire alarm systems in the UK
- NFPA Standard
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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