The indicator organism is used as a proxy to monitor conditions in a particular environment, ecosystem, area, habitat, or consumer product. Certain bacteria, fungi and egg worms are used for various purposes.
Video Indicator organism
Type
Bacteria indicator
Certain bacteria can be used as indicator organisms in certain situations. The presence of bacteria commonly found in human feces, called coliform bacteria (eg E. coli ), on the surface of water is a common indicator of fecal contamination. For this reason, sanitation programs often test water for the presence of these organisms to ensure that drinking water systems are not contaminated with dirt. This test can be performed using several methods that generally involve taking water samples, or skipping large quantities of water through a filter for bacterial samples, then testing to see if the bacteria from the water grow on selective media such as MacConkey agar. Alternatively, the sample can be tested to see if it uses a variety of nutrients by way of characteristic coliform bacteria.
Coliform bacteria selected as an indicator of faecal pollution should not survive in the environment for prolonged periods after depletion of the intestine, and their presence should be closely correlated with contamination by other faecal organisms. The indicator organism does not need to be pathogenic.
Non-coliform bacteria, such as Streptococcus bovis and certain clostridia can also be used as faecal contamination index.
Mushroom indicator
Penicillium species, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans are used in the pharmaceutical industry for microbial boundary testing, bioburden assessment, method validation, antimicrobial challenge test, and testing quality control. When used in this capacity, Penicillium and A. niger are the compendium mold indicator organisms.
Prints like Trichoderma , Exophiala , Stachybotrys , Aspergillus fumigatus , Aspergillus versicolor , < i> Phialophora , Fusarium , Ulocladium and a particular yeast is used as an indoor air quality indicator.
egg worm indicator
Helminth eggs (or ova) are good indicator organisms for assessing the safety of waste and waste water reuse systems for resource recovery because they are the most environmentally resistant pathogens of all pathogens (viruses, bacteria, protozoa and worms) and can be in the case extreme survival. for several years on the ground.
Maps Indicator organism
See also
- Coliform bacteria
- Coliform index
- E. coli
- The indicator species
References
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Source of the article : Wikipedia
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