Prochlorperazine is a dopamine receptor antagonist (D 2 ) which belongs to the phenothiazine class of antipsychotic agents used for the antiemetic treatment of nausea and vertigo. It is also a very powerful antipsychotic, 10-20 times stronger than chlorpromazine. It is also used to treat migraine headaches. Intravenous administration may be used to treat migrainosus status.
Video Prochlorperazine
Medical use
Prochlorperazine is used to prevent vomiting caused by chemotherapy, radiation therapy and in pre and postoperative settings. The 2015 Cochrane Review found no difference in effectiveness among drugs commonly used for this purpose in emergency rooms.
Prochlorperazine IV is also used to treat migraines in acute outpatients, and in emergency rooms, and is recommended for ER use by The American Headache Society.
In the UK, prochlorperazine is available for the treatment of nausea caused by migraine as a tablet dissolved in the mouth; it is sold as a "pharmaceutical drug", which means it does not require a prescription but is only available after talking to a pharmacist.
In the UK prochlorperazine maleate has been prescribed to relieve symptoms of labyrinthitis, which include not only nausea and vertigo, but spatial and temporal 'jerking' and distortion
Maps Prochlorperazine
Side effects
Sedation is very common, and extrapyramidal side effects are common and include anxiety, dystonic reactions, pseudoparkinsonism, and akathisia; extrapyramidal symptoms can affect 2% of people at low doses, whereas higher doses can affect as many as 40% of people.
Prochlorperazine may also cause life-threatening conditions called malignant neuroleptic syndrome (NMS). Some of the symptoms of NMS include high fever, stiff muscle, neck muscle spasms, confusion, irregular pulse or blood pressure, rapid heart rate (tachycardia), sweating, abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia). VA and FDA studies show reactions at the injection site.
Similar side effects in children.
Pharmacology
Prochlorperazine is thought to exert an antipsychotic effect by blocking dopamine receptors.
Prochlorperazine is analogous to chlorpromazine, both of which are hostile to dopaminergic receptors D 2 in various central nervous system pathways. Blockade D 2 This produces antipsychotic, antiemetic and other effects. Hyperprolactinaemia is a side-effect of dopamine antagonists as the receptor blockade D 2 in the tuberoinfundibular pathway results in elevated plasma prolactin levels due to increased secretion by lactotrophs in the anterior pituitary.
After intramuscular injection, antiemetic action is evident within 5 to 10 minutes and lasts for 3 to 4 hours. Rapid action is also recorded after buccal treatment. By administering oral doses, the start of the action is delayed but the duration is slightly longer (about 6 hours).
Marketing
Prochlorperazine is available as a tablet, suppository, and injectable form.
Pada September 2017 dipasarkan dengan nama dagang Ametil, Antinaus, Antinaus, Buccastem, Bukatel, Chlormeprazine, Chloropernazine, Compazine, Compro, Daolin, Dhaperazine, Emedrotec, Emetiral, Eminorm, Lotamin, Mitil, Mormal, Nautisol, Novamin, Novomit , Proazine, Procalm, Prochlorperazin, Prochlorperazine, ProchlorpÃÆ' © razine, Prochlorperazinum, Prochlozine, Proclorperazina, Promat, Promin, Promtil, Roumin, Scripto-metic, Seratil, Stemetil, Steremal, Vergon, Vestil, dan Volimin.
It was also marketed at that time as a combination drug for humans with paracetamol as Vestil-A, as a combination drug for animal use, with isopropamide as Darbazine.
Research
Alexza Pharmaceuticals studied the inhaled prochlorperazine form for migraine treatment through Phase II trials under the name of development of AT-001; construction was suspended in 2011.
References
External links
- Prochlorperazine. MedlinePlus. US National Library of Medicine. National Institutes of Health.
- Prochlorperazine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB). US National Library of Medicine. National Institutes of Health.
- "Suspicious Behavior". Snap Judgment . Episode 405. Public Radio Exchange and NPR . Retrieved May 19 2014 . Ã, The "Hands Up" segment connects anecdotes about prochlorperazine side effects.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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