Red eyes are eyes that look red due to illness or injury. This is usually the injection and superiority of conjunctival superficial veins, which may be caused by this disorder or adjacent structures. Conjunctivitis and subconjunctival hemorrhage are two less serious but more common causes.
Management includes assessing whether emergency measures (including referrals) are required, or whether treatment can be completed without additional resources.
Examination of slit lamps is very valuable in diagnosis but preliminary assessment can be done using a thorough history, visual vision (visual acuity), and a light examination.
Video Red eye (medicine)
Diagnosis banding
Of the many causes, conjunctivitis is the most common. Others include: Usually not bloody
- blepharitis - usually chronic inflammation of the eyelids by scaling, sometimes disappears spontaneously
- subconjunctival hemorrhage - bleeding is sometimes dramatic, but usually harmless, under the most frequent conjunctiva of spontaneous rupture of fragile small blood vessels, usually from coughing or sneezing
- inflamed pterygium - growth of squint, triangle, horizontal of the conjunctiva, arising from the inside, at the level of contact of the upper and lower eyelids, associated with sun exposure, low humidity and dust. It may be more common in jobs such as agriculture and welding.
- Inflamed pinguecula - a yellow-white deposit close to the intersection between the cornea and the sclera, in the conjunctiva. This is most prevalent in tropical climates with lots of UV exposure. Although harmless, it can sometimes become inflamed.
- dry eye syndrome - caused by a decrease in tear production or an increase in tear film evaporation that can cause irritation and redness
- airborne contaminants or irritants
- fatigue
- drug use including cannabis episcleritis - most commonly mild inflammatory disorders in the "white" eye unrelated to different eye complications with scleritis, and respond to topical medications such as anti-inflammatory drops.
Usually urgent
- acute angle closure glaucoma - implies injury to the optic nerve with potential irreversible vision loss that may be permanent unless treated rapidly, as a result of increased pressure within the eyeball. Not all forms of acute glaucoma, and not all are associated with an increase in 'intra-ocular' pressure.
- injuries
- keratitis - inflammation or serious injury to the cornea (window), often associated with significant pain, light intolerance, and decreased vision. Many causes include viral infections. Injuries from contact lenses can cause keratitis.
- iritis - along with the ciliary and choroidal bodies, the iris forms the uvea, the middle, the pigmented, the eye structure. Inflammation of this layer (uveitis) requires urgent control and is estimated to be responsible for 10% of blindness in the United States.
- scleritis - a serious, often painful, inflammatory condition that can result in permanent vision loss, and without identifiable cause in half of those present with it. Approximately 30-40% have an underlying systemic autoimmune condition.
- tick-borne diseases such as Rocky Mountain-speckled fevers - the eye is not primarily involved, but the presence of conjunctivitis, along with fever and rash, may help diagnosis under appropriate circumstances.
Maps Red eye (medicine)
Diagnostic approach
Certain signs and symptoms may indicate that the cause is serious and requires immediate attention.
Six such signs are:
- reduce visual acuity
- ciliary flush (injection circumcorneal)
- Corneal abnormalities include edema or turbidity ("corneal fog")
- corneal staining
- abnormal pupil size
- abnormal intraocular pressure
The most useful is the smaller pupils in the red eye than there are no red eyes and a sensitivity to bright light.
Visual acuity
Reduced visual acuity in the 'red eye' is an indication of a serious ocular disease, such as keratitis, iridocyclitis, and glaucoma, and never occurs in simple conjunctivitis without corneal involvement.
Ciliary flush
Ciliary flush is usually present in the eyes with inflammation of the cornea, iridocyclitis or acute glaucoma, although not simple conjunctivitis. Flush sili is a red or purple ring spread out from around the cornea of ​​the eye.
Corneal abnormalities
The cornea must be transparent to send light to the retina. Due to injury, infection or inflammation, an opacity area may develop that can be seen with a flashlight or ophthalmoscope. In rare cases, this opacity is innate. In some, there is a family history of corneal growth disorder that may be progressive with age. Much more commonly, the misuse of contact lenses can be a precipitating factor. Either way, it's always potentially serious and sometimes requires urgent care and the corneal turbidity is the fourth leading cause of blindness. Opacities may be keratic, that is, due to the deposition of inflammatory cells, blur, usually from corneal edema, or they can be localized in cases of corneal or keratitis ulcers.
Corneal epithelial disturbance can be detected by fluorescent staining on the eyes, and careful observation with cobalt blue light. Corneal epithelial disturbance will be green, representing multiple injuries to the corneal epithelium. This type of disorder may be caused by corneal inflammation or physical trauma to the cornea, such as a foreign body.
Pupillary abnormalities
In the eye with iridocyclitis, (inflammation of both iris and ciliary body), the involved pupil will be smaller than the uninvolved, because the muscle spasm reflexes the iris sphincter muscle. Generally, conjunctivitis does not affect the pupil. With acute angle-closure glaucoma, the pupil generally remains in the middle, oval, and responds slowly to light, if at all.
The depth of the shallow anterior space may indicate a tendency to one form of glaucoma (narrow angle) but requires the examination of a slit-lamp or other special technique to determine it. In the presence of "red eye", shallow anterior space may indicate acute glaucoma, which requires immediate attention.
Abnormal intraocular pressure
Intraocular pressure should be measured as part of routine eye examination. Usually only increased by iridocyclitis or acute-closure glaucoma, but not with relatively benign conditions. In iritis and traumatic traumatic perforation, intraocular pressure is usually low.
Severe pain
Those with conjunctivitis may report mild irritation or itching, but never extreme pain, which is an indicator of more serious illnesses such as keratitis, corneal ulceration, iridocyclitis, or acute glaucoma.
See also
- List of eye diseases and disorders
- Outer celular
References
External links
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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