The road signs used in the UK are very much in line with European norms, although a number of signs are unique directions and ignore the European route number.
There are a lot of signs used on English roads, from road signs, to warning signs of potential danger ahead, and signs of rules that instruct a rider to perform certain actions.
Video Road signs in the United Kingdom
Histori
The modern road marks of England can be traced to the development of "ordinary" bikes and club formation to advance the interests of the riders, especially the Bicycle Riders Club (CTC), the National Bicycle Association (NCU) and Scottish Bicycle Association (SCU). In the early 1880s all three organizations established their own "danger boards" of iron. Importantly, these signs warn of danger, not just stating distance and/or giving directions to a place, acknowledging the fact that cyclists, like modern riders, are unlikely to be familiar with the roads they are traveling on and traveling too fast to take away the action without prior warning. In addition, the cycling lobby that succeeded in pressuring the government in 1888 became the ownership and responsibility for roads with local councils in previously established highway districts (HD) that would be funded from taxes rather than tolls. The HDs are active in erection of semi-standard direction markers and mileposts in the last years of the 19th century.
The emergence of automotive after 1896 saw the pattern was repeated. Larger automotive clubs, notably The Automobile Association (AA) and Royal Scottish Automobile Club (RSAC) set up their own memorial boards and special directions on a large scale. In addition, under the 1903 Motor Car Act, four national marks are made, should be set at least 8Ã, ft (2.4 m) from the ground and 50 meters (46 m) from the reference point. These signs are interesting because they are based on form, not text or image; white ring (limited speed as marked on the small information plate underneath); white diamonds (sometimes red) ("motor notices" such as weight restrictions, given on the plate below); red disk (prohibition); and an open red triangle (danger or warning). The latter two may be given details by the information plate attachment below, but it is often left to the rider to guess what is meant by local signs and variations such as prohibition definitions or just "notices", for example, are common. In spite of this confusing start, the format of this mark evolved into a standard English road sign from 1934 to 1964. Prior to this time, until 1933, when regulations for traffic signs were issued under the powers created by the Road Traffic Act 1930 , the specification of "national" road signs only as advisors.
Following a 'national' beam review in 1921, a limited number of warning plates and hazard information were enhanced by using symbols, not just text. Such symbols had been developed in continental Europe as early as 1909, but had been dismissed by the British, who favored the use of texts. The symbols are simple silhouettes, easy to read from a distance. There is a typical English: 'SCHOOL' (and then 'CHILDREN') depicted by the torch illuminating knowledge. The government will step up efforts to standardize road signs in the 1930 Road Traffic Act (RTA) and the 1933 regulation, which was eventually consolidated with the publication of the 1934 Road Traffic and Regulations handbook. It sees the end of the AA marks of individual and yellow vitreous blacks (though AA is still allowed to put up temporary signs of direction, and still is). While RSAC has stopped establishing signs, the Royal Automobile Club (RAC) has begun doing so for the RTA specification (except for the inclusion of RAC badges) and was very active in this case in the late 1930s.
The national marks of England are now red disks (prohibitions), red open triangles (warning/danger), red rings (order), and red open triangles in rings for new warnings (1933) with orders 'SLOW - MAJOR ROAD AHEAD' and 'HALT AT MAJOR ROAD AHEAD' plates ('GIVE WAY' and 'STOP' predecessors). All signs are to carry the information plates mounted under them, warnings or dangers illustrated with the various symbols specified, but with the text panel below, being just text where there are no symbols. Letters and symbols are black on white soil except for orders (such as 'TURN LEFT') are white on blue. New to the UK was the first combination of signs, which included information on the mark itself, a speed limit of 30 miles per hour (introduced in 1934), with '30' in black letters on white disk (information) surrounded by red rings (order mark ). It was accompanied by a 'derestriction' of a white dish with a diagonal black band dividing it. None of these signs require separate information plates. The 1934 RTA & amp; R also clarify the direction and the distance marks that also remain in form that until 1964. All signs mounted on the posts are painted in black and white stripes, and the opposite side they are finished black, green, or less frequently (usually after repainting) white. The 'HALT' plate is unique because it is T-shaped; especially landscape and memorial orders are always portraits. Size is prescribed strictly, the warning plate is 21 x 12 inches (53 cm ÃÆ'â € "30 cm) with the same 18-inch (46 cm) triangular size.
In preparation for the invasion during World War II, all the navigation signs and signs of the railway station were removed, to disrupt the potential enemy's land movement.
National signs were subjected to minor modifications, especially in the early post-World War II years. For example, 'SCHOOL' became a schoolboy and a girl lined up by the side of the road, 'CHILDREN' a boy and girl playing handball on the edge of the kerb. Train 'CROSSING NO GATES' is given a locomotive that looks more like a toy. Meanwhile, the triangle is inverted for 'HALT' and 'SLOW', while 'NO ENTRY' becomes a combination mark - a red disc split by a horizontal white rectangle inscribed with letters. The order is now black and white, except 'WITHOUT WAIT', which is black on the yellow in a red circle. Some of these changes are part of the effort to reflect European standards.
The early road signs were usually cast iron, but these were further displaced by cast aluminum in the 1930s. The cast marks are designed to be maintained with repainted with the letters and emblems raised easily picked by untrained hands. Such marks are sometimes given elements of night use by the inclusion of glass reflectors. An alternative to casting and painting is a vitreous enamel or steel enamel sheet. In 1950's cast marks were quickly moved by sheet metal (usually aluminum) coated with plastic adhesive; this can be made reflective, famous by Scotchlite. Such signs have become almost universal by reforms in the early 1960s.
Great reform of English road signage to better reflect European practice takes place in two stages. The first was associated with the first toll road construction project and the development of a signage system for it by the Anderson Committee in 1957. Although it was an addition to the existing signboards, it established a number of benchmarks developed under the Worwoys Committee of 1963 that were largely responsible for a street billboard system from 1964, which is still in effect today. Up to Worboys, the most striking difference between European signs and those in the UK is their reliance on symbols without text as far as possible, thus enhancing their 'language' internationalism, along with their combined nature, for example warning signs have symbols inside the triangle instead of on separate information plates. The Worboys Committee recommended that such practices be adopted in Britain and the 'New Traffic Signs' of 1964 are part of the most comprehensive street reforms of Britain ever experienced by the country. Unlike previous government attempts to organize signage, which tends to be cumulative, Worboys argues the modernist position starts from scratch, with all the previous signs being considered obsolete, illegal even, as it is subject to total and systematic replacement. As a result, local authorities are charged with a massive resignation program. Signs of Order and Prohibition are almost all replaced within a few years, with warning signs and rather long directions. Some pre-1964 warning signs last more than about ten years, and, while directional signs are replaced in the same way, more survivors because they are not considered as important as others in regulatory matters.
The systems currently in use are mainly developed in the late 1950s and early 1960s, with the addition of color codes introduced in the mid-1980s. There are three major steps in system development.
- The Anderson Committee established a toll road signing system.
- The Worboys Committee is reforming the signing for all existing roads.
- Guildford rules introduce features to show different categories of routes.
Anderson Committee
In 1957, a government committee was formed to design signs for a new toll road network. Required a system that can be easily read at high speed. Colin Anderson, chairman of P & amp; O, appointed as chairman; T. G. Usborne, of the Ministry of Transportation has been responsible for the process. Two graphic designers are assigned to design a nameplate system: Jock Kinneir and his assistant (and next business partner) Margaret Calvert. New signs were first used on the Preston bypass in 1958.
Worboys Committee
The British government established another committee in 1963 to review the signboards on all British roads. It is headed by Sir Walter Worboys of Imperial Chemical Industries. The result is a document defining the signing of traffic in the UK: Traffic and General Direction Regulations (TSRGD). It was first introduced on January 1, 1965 but has been updated many times since then. This is comparable to the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Equipment in the United States. TSRGD is a Legal Instrument that regulates visible face signs and variants that can be used on UK roads. TSRGD is supported by the Traffic Signs Manual (TSM), which consists of 8 separate chapters that provide "codes to be followed in the use, siting, and lighting of signs both on multipurpose roads and on highways including temporary signs to be used in connection with road works, in an emergency by police, and the signing of temporary routes by automotive organizations and highway authorities. "
Guildford Rules
As part of efforts to eliminate marking chaos in the mid-1980s, a color coding system was developed to show information relating to different categories of routes on a single sign. This system is known as Guildford Rules , after the city of Guildford, where an experimental version of this signing system is tested.
Maps Road signs in the United Kingdom
Design
Road signs in the United Kingdom are governed by a very complex and detailed set of guidelines. The basic unit of measurement used by designers of marks is 'x-height' (high-case 'x') and 'stroke width' (sw) (4 sw = 1 x-height). Boundary size, symbols and arrows as well as the distance and layout of the sign face are expressed in sw, so all elements remain proportional. The x height of the sign is dictated primarily by the approaching traffic velocity, then the height of 300 mm x is common on the highway, whereas the parking sign is mostly at a height of 15 mm or 20 mm x.
Traffic signs are generally designed using special computer software. The two most popular systems are SignPlot from Buchanan Computing, and KeySign (formerly AutoSign) of the Main Traffic System, originally developed in 1980 by Pete Harman and Geoff Walker while working for the Humberside County Council.
Shape
Almost all signs have rounded corners. This is partly for aesthetic reasons. It's also safer for anyone who comes in contact with a sign, and it makes the mark more durable, as rain is less likely to cause corrosion in the corners.
Unit size
The United Kingdom is the only European country that uses most of the imperial units rather than the SI units on road signs for distance measurement and speed limits, and one of the few countries in the world (United States, Liberia and Burma is the other) to do so. The vehicle weight limit is only signed in the metric (TSRGD 1981), and the metric unit can be used in addition to the imperial for restrictions on height, width and length.
Starting March 2015, all new height and width limits must have multiple metric-imperial units. This is because of the disproportionate number of bridge strikes involving foreign ships (between 10 and 12% in 2008). Initially, the government planned to make two mandatory units at a new high alert and signs of restrictions on April 9, 2010. but that was not included in the 2011 amendment for TSRGD. In November 2014 it was announced that all new height and height restrictions installed from March 2015 would have a double-imperial metric unit.
Color
Three color combinations are used on the Worboys direction sign depending on the route category. All roads are categorized as highways (white in blue), main routes (white in dark green with yellow route numbers), or non-primary (black and white) routes.
TSRGD 1994 also established a greyish-white sign system for tourist and recreation. TSRGD 2002 updated it and introduced a system of black-and-yellow signs for road repairs. TSRGD 2016 is the current version that applies.
On the Forward Sign Path, as introduced under Guildford Rules, the background color shows the route category in which it is located. In all directions signals, destination names are placed in colors corresponding to the route category used from the intersection. One color panel on different color backgrounds because it shows change of route status. The smaller color area, called the patch, surrounds the parcel route number (but not the associated destination) to indicate a higher status route that merges somewhat away. The patch may only be blue or green.
Signs indicating temporary changes, such as road or route improvements, are denoted by a yellow background. Usually these signs use a simple black color in the yellow color code, a more complex mark using conventional signs superimposed on a yellow background.
In some areas, such as Dartmoor National Park, additional signs and colors are used to distinguish road conditions. In addition to the national color scheme, the park also uses white markings with light blue borders and text to indicate suitable routes for medium-sized vehicles and white markings with brown and text borders for routes suitable for cars and small vehicles only. The park also uses finger signs for routes suitable for local traffic only. These routes are published on leaflets and other media.
For ease of reference, the main color-coloring rules can be summarized as follows:
The color code for the panel on the sign can be summarized as follows:
Typefaces
Two typography specified for English road signs: Transport and Motorway.
Transport is a mixed-case font and is used for all texts on permanent fixed marks except for route numbers on road signs. It is used in two weights: Transport Medium (for light texts on dark backgrounds) and Transport Heavy (for dark texts on light backgrounds).
Motorway has a limited character set consisting of only numbers and some letters and symbols required to indicate the route number; has an elongated character and is designed to add emphasis to route numbers on the highway. Motorways are used to sign all route numbers on the highway itself, and can also be used on non-highway roads to sign directions where toll road regulations apply immediately (such as toll roads). Motorway Permanent is a bright character on a dark background; Highway While dark on the light.
Transport Medium and Motorway Permanent developed for the Anderson Committee and appeared on the first toll road signs. Two other typefaces are similar but have additional stroke widths in letters to compensate for a light background. Typography is the only one permitted on road signs in the UK. Although signs containing other typographies sometimes appear in some places, they are explicitly prohibited in government guidelines, and are technically illegal.
Language
Bilingual marks are used in Wales. The Welsh highway authority, until 2016, can choose whether the signs in their area are "British Priority" or "Welsh Priority", and priority language in each area of ​​the highway authority appears first on the signs. Most of south Wales use English-priority while the west, middle, and most of north Wales is a priority-Welsh. New rules coming into force in 2016 require all signs to enter Welsh first, with the existing "UK priority" mark replaced only if they wish. Bilingual signs were permitted by special authorization after 1965 and in 1972 the Bowen Committee recommended that they be systematically provided throughout Wales.
A small number of multilingual signs exist in the UK on the main roads leaving the main port (like Dover). Details are in English, French, German, and, sometimes Swedish, standard speed limits and reminders for driving on the left. The 'do not stop' signs in multiple languages ​​exist in some locations on the M25.
In the Scottish Highlands and Islands, many road signs have green Scottish Gaelic, in addition to English in black. This is part of a multitude of people-driven Gaelic revivals, including the Scottish Government and BÃÆ'²rd na GÃÆ' idhlig.
Retroreflection
Road signs in the UK should be retraced to allow drivers to read at night. There are three commonly used material values:
- Class 1 (engineering grade) is a low-performance glass bead product, it is the first reflective material used in the UK network and found by 3M. Today in the UK it is only used for street signs and parking signs.
- Class 2 (high intensity) is generally a microprismatic product that uses a cube cut corner to restore light to the driver. This is usually used for signs of direction or signs of less important regulations. There are also high-strength glass bead products that meet this class.
- Class 3 (diamond class) is a high end microprismatic product for important signs, which are on high-speed roads and in the surrounding lighting area where the driver may be disturbed by light chaos. Class 3 can be divided into two divisions; 3A for long distance and 3B for short distance. Currently the only product that performs to this level is DG3.
Categorization
Road signs in the UK are categorized as:
- Bus and bicycle sign
- Directions and tourist
- Alerts information
- Put a level crossing
- Low bridge mark
- The road sign
- On the street parking
- Pedestrian, cycle, horse riding
- The pedestrian zone sign
- Regulatory signs
- The road is working and temporarily
- Signs for cyclists and pedestrians
- Speed ​​limit signs
- Tidal stream flow control
- Traffic tethering
- Trammark
- Alerts
Alerts
Signs on the red circular border are very expensive, do they also have a red diagonal line. Blue circular signs mainly give positive instruction (mandatory). Such circular signs may be accompanied by, or placed on, rectangular plates (information) that provide details about prohibitions or instructions; for example, waiting and loading plates and zone entry marks.
Tanda 'Stop' (oktagonal) dan 'memberi jalan' (segitiga terbalik) adalah dua pengecualian utama, bentuk-bentuk khas yang dapat dikenali bahkan jika wajahnya dikaburkan oleh kotoran atau salju.
Tanda Batas Kecepatan
The UK national speed limit for cars and motorcycles in the street lighting area (excluding Expressway) is 30 miles per hour. Other limits may apply if they are specifically signed
Low Bridge Signs
Bridges with a distance of less than 16.6 feet (5.1 m) are usually signed. Units traditionally in feet and inches, but any new or replacement marks should contain metric measurements. Regulatory rounds and warning triangles may be used, depending on the type of bridge but bridges especially at risk from strikes may have variable message marks that are powered by high vehicles that pass infrared light. When the alert is activated, four yellow lights blink, the top pair alternates with the bottom pair
Pass level Alerts
Several levels of crossings in England have no gates or barriers. These crossings will have some signs attached to the approach and at the intersection.
Bus and bicycle signs
Some roads and sidewalks are shared with cyclists and buses. The word "local" on the bus symbol means the only bus that may use the path is those who run the local service. Where the word "local" is not displayed, the path can be used by any vehicle designed to carry more than 8 passengers, excluding drivers, and local buses. Solo motorcycles can use the lanes in which motorcycle symbols are shown on signs. Other vehicles may enter and stop at bus lanes to load and unload unless a sign along the path indicates otherwise.
Pedestrian zone signs
Areas such as high streets and shopping areas can be signed as "pedestrian zone". Restrictions are detailed on the signs of zones and repeating plate entries. Entrances may indicate that buses, taxis, defective badges or permit holders can enter the zone. Examples of zooming zones include:
Loading bays and Parking signs
Pending restrictions are indicated by signs and road markings. On-street parking may be designated for a particular class of vehicles (such as a motorcycle or private car) or for a particular user (such as a permit holder or a disabled badge holder). Parking may be free or paid (eg "pay and display" or parking meter).
There may be a time limit on the minimum period of stay and time before returning to a certain parking space. Where the dishes do not show the days of the week, the restrictions apply at the same time on a daily basis, including Sunday. Where time of day is not displayed, the control is valid for 24 hours. If a bank holiday falls on a day when the controls are in operation, the controls apply in a normal way unless the plates state that they are not. Special controls may apply on the days when big events are held.
Road signs
For use on busy roads and other wide avenues where signs posted on the edge will often be blocked by other traffic.
An ADS generally has a blue, green or white color as the background color to indicate the status of the road (highway, primary or non-primary) in which it is placed. Except on major highways from toll roads, colored panels are used to show routes of signed junctions that have different statuses. The DS should always be a single color indicating the state of the road to be connected, although there are some rare exceptions to this rule.
Typography Weight and Medium is designed to compensate for the optical illusion that makes the darker lines on a pale background appear narrower than the pale lines on a dark background. Therefore the purpose is written in a mixed white Transport Medium with a green and blue background, and in a black Heavy Transports with a white background. The route number is yellow when placed directly on a green background. Some signs logically indicate the nearest destination on the first route (ie, above), while others show the most remote solution first. At the roundabout DS, the route location is usually listed with the nearest destination at the bottom and the farthest at the top when straight ahead, and also left and right. However, many more right-left logical signs indicate the nearest destination at the top with further destinations listed in descending order.
Goals/roads that are not directly accessible to the actual route of the current driver, but can be accessed via an arterial route from the traffic lane, are displayed in brackets.
All types of ADS (but not DS) can optionally have an intersection name at the top of the sign in uppercase in a separate panel.
The route confirmation mark is placed either after the intersection where the distance is not displayed on the ADS or DS or placed on the overhead information mark but does not indicate the distance to destination along the route.
Road signs
^ Previous signals can point you to an adjacent path. More than one path may be closed for traffic. If all lines show a red cross, the front toll is closed. Riders who are caught using a traffic lane are charged a fine of £ 100 and will receive points on their license.
Road signs
The term "directional" includes both the Front Direction (ADS), placed on the approach to the intersection, and the Direction (DS) at the intersection itself, indicating where to turn. DS has a chevron (pointed) tip, and this type is also referred to as a flag-type flag.
Tourist Destination
Redirecting route
The redirection route is marked with a black symbol on the yellow patch (square, triangle, circle, or diamond). This marks the route of diversion in the event that the road ahead is closed for any reason. The rider can navigate following the symbols, and can find their way back to the original path at the intersection above the closing. Four symbols can be filled (solid) or outline. They are most often placed on the direction signs, following the route number (eg A 25) but may be free standing.
The highway exit has a trigger sign that is usually closed. In case of closure, the sign is revealed and will say, for example, " To rejoin the M6 ​​follow (symbol) ". Following the symbol will allow to rejoin the next intersection.
In the lane, a simple black mark with arrows and the word Diver is used, as here.
Signs of information
The information marks are mainly rectangular (square or longitude) but, strictly speaking, this category also includes direction signs. They are often colored to match directional tagging for questionable street status, but if this is unnecessary they are generally blue with white text. Examples include "street paths" and "lane drop" marks on paths separated by classes, and indications of "IN" and "OUT" for access to private places from the highway.
Road improvements and temporary signs
Roadwork is usually marked with a triangular warning format, a red boundary is used to indicate that there is work ahead. The graphic is human excavation. In roadworks, redirects and other instructions for drivers are usually given on yellow alerts with black scripts.
Street name
By law this is not defined as a traffic sign in the UK. This gives the authorities flexibility over their design and placement. They can be fixed into signs, walls, lamp columns, or buildings. The text is usually in the typography Transportation used on road signs. It is also common to nameplates the way to use serif fonts designed by David Kindersley.
Location identifier
Numbered location markers of one type or another are used to identify specific locations along the way. Historically, milestones were used, but since the beginning of the 20th century they were not used anymore. However, for administrative and maintenance purposes, distance markers and driver's location marks have been installed on certain highways and double tracks. The numbers on the distance marking post are embedded into emergency phone numbers and are used by emergency services to determine incidents. The advent of the mobile phone meant that the location information embedded in the highway emergency telephone system was not accessed by the driver and since 2007 the driver's location mark has been installed on many highways. It contains important information about the location and direction of traffic, and the reference number should be quoted in full when contacting emergency services.
Signs of retirement (post-Worboys)
Northern Ireland, Crown Dependencies and overseas territories
The design of road signs in the United Kingdom as specified in the General Signature Traffic Order and Direction (TSRGD) applies specifically to England, Scotland and Wales. These rules do not extend to other territories under the jurisdiction of the Kingdom. Road signs in Northern Ireland, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man are under their local legislative jurisdiction. Although the policies in these areas are to align their road signs to those specified in the TSRGD, small variations can be seen.
Traffic signs in Northern Ireland are determined by Signature Traffic Regulations (Northern Ireland) 1997 and administered by the Northern Ireland Assembly. The Tynwald (Isle of Man Parliament), through Traffic Signs (Applications) Rule 2003 , explicitly includes Part I of the TSRGD to Manx law, but not other parts of the law. One consequence of this partial merger is that while in England and Wales speed limit signs should appear on both sides of the traffic lane until 2016, this is unnecessary on the Isle of Man.
The road signs in Gibraltar and the British Sovereign Base Area in Cyprus are controlled by the Ministry of Defense. In the signs of the way the SBA is modeled on the Cyprus road signs rather than the English Road signs including the use of metric speed limits while in Gibraltar the signs are similar in appearance to the English, but in line with the rest of the Iberian Peninsula, the road signs use units metric and drive traffic on the right. However, warnings of height and width permit and regulatory signs are both in imperial and metric.
Road signs are modeled on road signs in the British Virgin Islands and British Indian Oceans, while signs in other regions overseas such as the Falkland Islands and Cayman Islands are modeled on British signs.
See also
- Highway Code
- Gaelic road signs in Scotland
- The road signs in Wales
- Off-Network Tactical Diversion Route
- Fingerpost
- The nameplate
References
- This article contains excerpts from UK traffic rules and handbooks, which are available under the Open Government License v3.0. Â © Crown copy.
External links
- The official government website
- Department for traffic signs and signal index page
- Traffic Signs and General Direction 2002
- Highway Code: traffic signs
- Know your traffic signs
- English Motor
- Traffic Sign Regulation and Direction 2016
- History
- "War to Worboys" - CBRD article details the development of road signs from the Second World War to the present day
- Other resources
- The Institute of Highway Engineers signed the technical design gate
- Find accidental errors on 5 signs that are not designed properly (Morelock Sign)
- The project is curated by Patrick Murphy, celebrating the 50th Anniversary of the British Road Sign at the Design Museum, London
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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