Southern Region Brazil (Portuguese: RegiÃÆ'Â Â £ o Sul do Brasil ) is one of five regions of Brazil. It includes the states of ParanÃÆ'¡, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul and covers 576,409.6 square kilometers (222,553.0 sqÃ, mi), being the smallest part of the country, which occupies only about 6.76% of Brazilian territory. The whole area is smaller than the state of Minas Gerais, in southeastern Brazil, for example. It is an incredible tourist, economic and cultural place. It borders Uruguay, Argentina, and Paraguay as well as the Western Center-Region, Southeast Region and the Atlantic Ocean. This region is considered the safest in Brazil to visit, has a lower crime rate than any other region in the country..
Video South Region, Brazil
Histori
Sejarah Pra-Columbus
By the time the first European explorers arrived, all parts of the region were populated by semi-nomadic tribal Indian tribes, living from a combination of hunting, fishing, and assembly.
Portuguese colonization
European colonization in South Brazil began with the arrival of Portuguese and Spanish Jesuits. They live among the Indians and make them Catholic. The colonists of SÃÆ'Â £ Paulo (Bandeirantes) arrived in the same period. For decades, the Portuguese and Spanish crowns were debated over the region. Because of this conflict, the King of Portugal encouraged the settler immigration from the Azores Islands to South Brazil. Between 1748 and 1756, six thousand Azoras arrived. They comprised more than half the population of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina at the end of the 18th century.
German Settlement
The Germans first came to Brazil shortly after independence from Portugal in 1822. Settlers from Germany were brought to work as small farmers because there was much ownership of land without workers. To attract immigrants, the Brazilian government has promised them a great treaty in which they can settle with their families and colonize the region. The first immigrants arrived in 1824, settled in the city of Sao Leopoldo, and over the next four decades, 27,256 other Germans were taken to Rio Grande do Sul to work as small farmers in the country. By 1904, an estimated 50,000 Germans had settled in this state.
In Santa Catarina, most of the German immigrants were not brought by the Brazilian government but by private groups promoting European immigration to America, such as the Hamburg Colonization Society. These groups created rural communities or colonies for immigrants, many of which grew into larger cities, such as Blumenau and Joinville, the largest city in Santa Catarina.
A large number of German immigrants arrived in ParanÃÆ'¡ during the civil war, most of them coming from Santa Catarina or the German Volga from Russia.
Ragamuffin War
The Ragamuffin War was a Republican uprising that began in South Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina) in 1835. The rebels, led by the generals of Bento GonÃÆ'§alves da Silva and AntÃÆ'Â'nio de Souza Netto with the support of Italian soldier Giuseppe Garibaldi , surrendered to the imperial forces in 1845. This conflict occurred because in Rio Grande do Sul, the country's main product, charque (dried and salted beef), suffered from violent charque competition from Uruguay and Argentina, which had free access to the Brazilian market while gaÃÆ'ºchos must pay high taxes in Brazil. Italian Revolutionary Giuseppe Garibaldi joined the rebels in 1839. With his help the revolution spread through Santa Catarina, on the northern border of Rio Grande do Sul. After much conflict, in 1845 peace negotiations ended the war.
Italian settlement
Italian immigrants began arriving in Brazil in 1875. They were mostly farmers from Veneto in Northern Italy (but also from Trentino and Lombardy) attracted to South Brazil to get their own land and fill the South. Most immigrants work as small farmers, especially the cultivation of grapes in Serra GaÃÆ'ºcha. Italian immigration to the region lasted until 1914, with a total of 100,000 Italians settling in Rio Grande do Sul in this period and many others in Santa Catarina and ParanÃÆ'¡.
In 1898, there were 300,000 Italians in Rio Grande do Sul, 50,000 in Santa Catarina and 30,000 in ParanÃÆ'¡. Currently, their southern Brazilian descent is 9.7 million and comprises 35.9% of the population of South Brazil.
Maps South Region, Brazil
Demographics
This region received a large number of European immigrants during the 19th century, which had a major influence on its demographics and culture. The major ethnic origins of South Brazil are the Portuguese, Italian, German, Austrian, Luxembourger, Polish, Ukrainian, Spanish, Dutch and Russian. The smaller numbers that follow are France, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Black, Switzerland, Croatia, Lebanon, Lithuania and Latvia, Japan, Finland and Estonia, Belarus, Slovenia, Jewish Ashkenazi, Caboclo, England, Czech, Slovakia, Belgium, and Hungary
Race Composition
Climate
Southern Brazil has a temperate or subtropical climate. The average annual temperature varies between 12 ° C (53.6 ° F) and 22 ° C (71.6 ° F). It snows in the mountains.
Characteristics
The area is very urban (82%) and many cities are famous for their city planning, such as Curitiba and MaringÃÆ'¡, both in ParanÃÆ'¡ State. It has a relatively high standard of living, with the highest Brazilian Human Development Index, 0.859 (2007), and the country's highest per capita income of $ 13,396, behind only the Southeast Region. This region also has a literacy rate of 98.3%.
Language
Portuguese, the official language of Brazil, is spoken by the whole population. In the southern countryside, German or Italian dialects are also spoken. The main dialects are HunsrÃÆ'¼ckisch and Venetian (or online). In Rio Grande do Sul and Curitiba there are several Yiddish speakers. In the northern region of ParanÃÆ'¡ there are several Japanese speakers. In the area around Ponta Grossa there are also some Dutch speakers. There are Polish and Ukrainian language speakers in ParanÃÆ'¡ as well.
Paleontological Tour
Rio Grande do Sul has great potential for paleontological tourism, with many paleontological sites and museums in Paleorrota. There is a large area in the center of the country including Trias. Here live Rhynchosaur, thecodonts, exaeretodons, Staurikosaurus, Guaibasaurus, Saturnalia tupiniquim, Sacisaurus, Unaysaurus and many others.
See also
- Immigration to Brazil
- Brazil Germany
- Italian Brazil
- Polish Brazil
- Spanish Immigration to Brazil
- Brazilian Ukraine
- GaÃÆ'ºcho
- Centro-Sul
References
External Links
- PÃÆ'¡tria Sulista, the official page
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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