The goal of sustainable development ( SDGs ) is a collection of 17 global goals set by the United Nations by 2015. "Global Goals for Sustainable Development" is another name used. The goals are broad and somewhat interdependent, but each has a separate list of targets to achieve. Achieving all 169 targets will signify reaching 17 goals. SDGs cover social and economic development issues including poverty, hunger, health, education, climate change, gender equality, water, sanitation, energy, urbanization, the environment and social justice.
The official name for SDG is: "Changing Our World: Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development." It has been shortened to " 2030 Agenda ."
The goal was developed to succeed the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) ending in 2015. Unlike the MDGs, the SDG framework does not differentiate between "developed" and "developing" countries. Instead, the purpose applies to all countries.
Paragraph 54 of UN General Assembly Resolution A/RES/70/1 of 25 September 2015 contains objectives and targets. The UN-led process involves 193 Member States and global civil society. This resolution is a broad intergovernmental agreement that acts as a Post-2015 Development Agenda. SDGs are built on the principles agreed upon in Resolution A/RES/66/288, entitled "The Future We Want". This is a non-binding document released as a result of the Rio 20 Conference held in 2012.
Implementation in 2016 is described as "Localization of SDG" to highlight the role of local institutions and local actors. Regional efforts include agreements such as the Baltic Action Plan 2030 and other similar agreements called NITI Aayog developed for India.
Some remain pessimistic about the potential for achieving SDGs, especially as cost estimates reach all 17. However, progress has been reported in 2018. For example, fewer African children under age 5 suffer from stunting and wasting. However, the same study concludes that it is unlikely there will be an end to malnutrition by 2030.
Video Sustainable Development Goals
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Ban Ki-moon, UN Secretary-General from 2007 to 2016, has stated that: "We have no plan B because there is no planet B !." This thinking has guided the development of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
The negotiations on the Post-2015 Development Agenda began in January 2015 and ended in August 2015. The latest document was adopted at the UN Sustainable Development Meeting in September 2015 in New York City, USA.
On September 25, 2015, 193 countries of the UN General Assembly adopted the 2030 Development Agenda entitled "Changing our world: Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development". The agenda has 92 paragraphs. Paragraph 51 describes 17 Goals for Sustainable Development and 169 related targets.
UN agencies that are part of the United Nations Development Group decided to support an independent campaign to communicate new SDGs to a wider audience. This campaign, "All Projects," has the support of other corporate and international organizations.
Using text compiled by diplomats at the UN level, team of communication specialists develop icons for each goal. They also shortened the title "17 Goals of Sustainable Development" to "Global Goals/17 # Global Goals," then held workshops and conferences to communicate Global Goals to a global audience.
Maps Sustainable Development Goals
17 goals
There are 169 targets for 17 goals. Each target has between 1 and 3 indicators used to measure progress in achieving the target. In total, there are 304 indicators that will measure compliance. The United Nations Development Program has been asked to provide a list of easily understood targets and facts and figures for each of the 17 SDGs. The 17 goals listed below as subtitles use 2 to 4 word phrases that identify each goal. Just below each goal, in quotation marks, are the exact words of purpose in one sentence. The following paragraphs present some information about some targets and indicators related to each goal.
Goal 1: No Poverty
"End poverty in all its forms everywhere."
Extreme poverty has been reduced by more than half since 1990. However, more than 1 in 5 people live on less than the target figure of US $ 1.25 per day. That target may not be enough for human subsistence. It may be necessary to raise the poverty line number to as high as $ 5 per day. Poverty is more than a lack of income or resources. People live in poverty if they do not have basic services like health, security, and education. They also experience hunger, social discrimination, and exceptions from the decision-making process.
Children become the majority - more than half - those living in extreme poverty. In 2013, about 385 million children live on less than US $ 1.90 per day. However, these figures are unreliable because of the large gaps in data about the status of children around the world. On average, 97 percent of countries have insufficient data to determine the state of poor children and make projections of SDG Goal 1, and 63 percent of countries have no data on child poverty at all.
Gender inequality plays a major role in perpetuating poverty and its risks. Women face life-threatening risks from early pregnancy and frequent pregnancies. This can lead to a loss of hope for education and for better income. Poverty affects age groups differently, with the most powerful effects experienced by children. It affects their education, health, nutrition, and security, affects emotional and spiritual development.
Achieving Goal 1 is hampered by growth in inequality, increasingly fragile states, and the effects of climate change.
Goal 2: Zero Hunger
"End hunger, gain improved food and nutritional safety, and promote sustainable agriculture".
Objective 2 states that by 2030 we must end hunger and all forms of malnutrition. This will be achieved by doubling the productivity of agriculture and the income of small-scale food producers (especially women and indigenous peoples), by ensuring sustainable food production systems, and by further improving soil and land quality. Agriculture is the largest company in the world, providing livelihoods for 40% of the global population. This is the largest source of income for poor rural households. Women make up about 43% of agricultural labor in developing countries, and more than 50% in parts of Asia and Africa. However, women only have 20% of the land.
Other targets relate to maintaining genetic diversity of seeds, increasing access to land, preventing trade restrictions and distortions in world agricultural markets to limit extreme food price volatility, eliminating waste with the assistance of the International Waste Food Coalition, and ending malnutrition and malnutrition of children.
Globally, 1 in 9 people are malnourished, most of them living in developing countries. Malnutrition causes severe waste or wasting of 52 million children worldwide, and contributes to nearly half (45%) of deaths in toddlers - 3.1 million children per year. Chronic nutrition, which affects an estimated 155 million children worldwide, also stunts children's brains and physical development and puts them at a further risk of death, illness, and lack of success as adults. By 2017, only 26 of the 202 UN member states are on track to meet SDG targets to eliminate malnutrition and malnutrition, while 20 percent have made no progress at all and nearly 70 percent have neither enough data to determine their progress.
A report by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) in 2013 states that the emphasis of SDGs should not be to end poverty by 2030, but to eliminate hunger and malnutrition by 2025. This assertion is based on an analysis of experiences in China, Vietnam, Brazil, and Thailand. Three paths to achieve this are identified: 1) led agriculture; 2) social protection and led nutrition interventions; or 3) a combination of these two approaches.
Goal 3: Good Health and Wellbeing for People
"Ensure healthy living and improve welfare for all at all ages."
Significant steps have been made in increasing life expectancy and reducing some of the common killers associated with maternal and child mortality. Between 2000 and 2016, infant mortality rates worldwide decreased by 47 percent (from 78 deaths per 1,000 live births to 41 deaths per 1,000 live births). However, the number of children who die under the age of five is very high: 5.6 million in 2016 alone. Newborns are responsible for the increasing number of these deaths, and poorer children are at the greatest risk of death under 5 years due to a number of factors. The goal of SDG 3 aims to reduce under-five mortality to at least 25 per 1,000 live births. But if current trends continue, more than 60 countries will lose the target of neonatal death of SDG for 2030. About half of these countries will not reach the target even by 2050.
Goal 3 also aims to reduce maternal mortality to less than 70 deaths per 100,000 live births. Although the maternal mortality ratio declined 37 percent between 2000 and 2015, there were approximately 303,000 maternal deaths worldwide by 2015, largely because of preventable causes. By 2015, maternal health conditions are also the leading cause of death in girls aged 15-19. Data for girls with the greatest attention - those aged between 10-14 - are currently unavailable. The primary strategy for fulfilling Goals of SDG 3 is to reduce teenage pregnancy (which is strongly related to gender equality), provide better data for all women and girls, and achieve universal coverage of skilled birth attendants.
Similarly, progress has been made to improve access to clean water and sanitation and to reduce malaria, tuberculosis, polio, and the spread of HIV/AIDS. From 2000-2016, new HIV infections declined by 66 percent for children under 15 and by 45 percent among adolescents aged 15-19. However, the current trend means that 1 in 4 countries still will not meet SDG targets to end AIDS among children under 5 years, and 3 out of 4 will not meet the target to end AIDS among adolescents. In addition, only half of women in developing countries have received the health care they need, and the need for family planning increases exponentially as population grows. While the need is being handled in stages, more than 225 million women have unmet needs for contraception.
Goal 3 aims to achieve universal health coverage, including access to essential medicines and vaccines. He proposes to end preventable newborn deaths and children under 5 and to end epidemics such as AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and water-borne diseases, for example. Level 2016 for the third dose of pertussis vaccine (DTP3) and the first dose of measles vaccine (MCV1) reached 86 percent and 85 percent, respectively. But about 20 million children do not receive DTP3 and about 21 million do not receive MCV1. About 2 out of 5 countries will need to accelerate progress towards achieving the target of SDG for immunization.
Attention to health and wellbeing also includes targets related to the prevention and treatment of substance abuse, death and injury from traffic incidents and from hazardous chemicals and air, water and soil pollution and contamination.
Goal 4: Qualified Education
"Ensure the quality of education is inclusive and fair and promotes lifelong learning opportunities for all."
Major advances have been made in access to education, particularly at the primary school level, for boys and girls. However, at least 22 million children in 43 countries will lose pre-primary education unless the rate of progress has doubled.
Access does not necessarily mean the quality of education or completion of primary school. 103 million youth worldwide still lack basic literacy skills, and over 60 per cent of them are women. In one of four countries, more than half of children fail to meet minimum mathematics skills at the end of primary school, and at lower secondary levels this figure is 1 in 3 countries. Goal 1 Goal 4 is to ensure that, by 2030, all girls and boys complete primary and secondary education for free, equal, and quality.
In addition, progress is difficult to trace: 75 percent of countries lack or insufficient data to track progress toward Goal 4 SDG target for learning outcomes (target 1), early childhood education (target 2), and an effective learning environment. Data on learning outcomes and pre-primary schools are scarce; 70 percent and 40 percent of countries lack sufficient data for this target, respectively. This makes it difficult to analyze and identify the children most at risk of being abandoned.
Goal 5: Gender Equality
"Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls."
According to the UN, "gender equality is not only a basic human right, but a necessary foundation for a world of peace, prosperity and sustainability." Providing women and girls with equal access to education, health care, decent work, and representation in political and economic decision-making processes will nurture a sustainable and beneficial economy for society and humanity at large. A 143-nation record ensures equality between men and women in their constitution in 2014. However, 52 others have yet to take this step. In many countries, gender discrimination is still woven into the legal system and social norms. Although SDG5 is an independent goal, other SDGs can only be achieved if women's needs receive the same attention as men's needs. The unique issues for women and girls include traditional practices against all women and girls in public and private spaces, such as female genital mutilation.
Child marriages have declined over the last few decades, but no region is currently on track to eliminate practices and reach the target of SDG by 2030. If current trends continue, between 2017 and 2030, 150 million girls will marry before they are aged 18 years. Although child marriages are four times higher among the poorest than the richest in the world, most countries need to accelerate progress between the two groups to achieve Goal 5 SDG goals to eliminate child marriage by 2030.
Achieving gender equality will require enforceable legislation that encourages the empowerment of all women and girls and requires secondary education for all girls. The target calls for an end to gender discrimination and to empower women and girls through technology. Some have advocated for "listening to women". The assertion is that SDGs can provide transformative change for girls only if women are consulted. Their priorities and needs must be taken into account. Girls should be viewed not as recipients of change, but as agents of change. Involving women and girls in the implementation of SDGs is very important.
The World House of Representatives (WPC) has insisted on the diverse transformational gender role that the board can play in that regard, predicting that 2018 could be a very important year, as "more than ever, many British and EU retired guardians are enthusiastic about stretching the muscles their fiduciary for the UN Sustainable Development Goals, including SDG5, and to achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls. "
Goal 6: Water Supply and Sanitation
"Ensuring the availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all."
Sustainable Development Goals Number 6 (SDG6) has eight targets and 11 indicators to be used to monitor progress towards targets. Most will be achieved by 2030. One is targeted for 2020.
The first three targets are related to drinking water supply and sanitation. Worldwide, 6 out of 10 people lack safe sanitation services, and 3 out of 10 lack safe water services. Safe drinking water and hygienic toilets protect people from illness and allow people to become more economically productive. Attending school and working without interruption is essential for successful education and successful work. Therefore, toilets in schools and workplaces are specifically mentioned as targets to be measured. "Just sanitation" calls for addressing the special needs of women and girls and those who are in vulnerable situations, such as the elderly or the disabled. Water sources are better preserved if open defecation ends and a sustainable sanitation system is applied.
Ending the defecation in the open will require the provision of toilets and sanitation for 2.6 billion people as well as changes in the behavior of users. This will require cooperation between government, civil society, and the private sector.
The main indicators for sanitation targets are "Proportion of people using sanitation services that are managed safely, including hand-washing facilities with soap and water". However, by 2017, two-thirds of countries do not have preliminary estimates for SDG indicators on handwashing, safe drinking water, and sanitation services. Of those available, the Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) found that 4.5 billion people currently do not have sanitation that is managed safely. If we want to meet SDG targets for sanitation by 2030, almost a third of the country will need to accelerate progress to end the indiscriminate defecation including Brazil, China, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Nigeria and Pakistan.
The Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA) has made its mission to achieve SDG6. SuSanA's position is that SDGs are highly interdependent. Therefore, the provision of clean water and sanitation for all is a precursor to achieve many other SDGs.
Goal 7: Affordable and Clean Energy
"Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all."
Targets for the year 2030 include access to affordable and reliable energy while increasing the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix. This will involve increased energy efficiency and increased international cooperation to facilitate more open access to clean energy technologies and more investment in clean energy infrastructure. Plans require special attention to infrastructure support for underdeveloped countries, small islands and developing countries locked in the mainland.
By 2017, only 57 percent of the global population relies primarily on clean fuels and technology, well below the 95 percent target.
Goal 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth
"Promote sustainable, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive work and decent work for all."
The World Development Council (WPC) development economist believes that the twin alignment of long-term economic growth and infrastructure investment is not adequately prioritized. Prioritized because number 8 and number 9 are considered "mediocre rank and against common sense "
For less developed countries, the economic target is to achieve at least 7 percent annual growth in gross domestic product (GDP). Achieving higher productivity will require enhanced diversification and technology along with innovation, entrepreneurship, and growth of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Multiple targets for 2030; the other is for 2020. The target for 2020 is to reduce youth unemployment and operationalize a global strategy for youth employment. Implementing the Global Jobs Pact The International Labor Organization is also mentioned.
By 2030, the target is to set policies for sustainable tourism that will create jobs. Strengthening domestic financial institutions and increasing aid Trade assistance for developing countries is considered essential for economic development. The Improved Integrated Framework for Trade-Related Technical Assistance to the Most Developed Countries is called a method of achieving sustainable economic development.
Goal 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure
"Build a tough infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization, and drive innovation".
Manufacturing is the main source of employment. By 2016, less developed countries have less "per capita manufacturing added value". Figures for Europe and North America totaled US $ 4,621, compared to about $ 100 in underdeveloped countries. High product production contributes 80 percent to total manufacturing output in industrialized countries but nearly 10 percent in underdeveloped countries.
Mobile-cell signal coverage has increased considerably. In previous "unconnected" regions of the world, 85 percent of people now live in enclosed areas. Planet-wide, 95 percent of the population covered.
Goal 10: Reduce the Gap
"Reduce income inequality within and between countries."
One of its targets is to reduce the cost of exporting goods from less developed countries. "Task-free" has been expanded. By 2015, 65 percent of products coming from underdeveloped countries are duty-free, compared to 41 percent in 2005.
A target of 3 percent established as the cost of international migrant workers will pay to send money home (known as remittances). However, the post office and money transfer companies currently charge 6 percent of the amount sent. Worse, commercial banks weighed 11 percent. prepaid cards and mobile money companies cost 2 to 4 percent, but the service is not widely available by 2017 in a typical "money transfer corridor."
Goal 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities
"Making cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable."
The target for 2030 is to ensure access to safe and affordable housing. The so-called indicator for measuring progress toward this target is the proportion of urban dwellers living in slums or informal settlements. Between 2000 and 2014, the proportion fell from 39 percent to 30 percent. However, the absolute number of people living in slums rose from 792 million in 2000 to about 880 million in 2014. The movement from rural to urban areas has been accelerated as population growth and better housing alternatives are available.
Goal 12: Responsible Consumption and Production
"Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns."
Goal Target 12 includes using environmentally-friendly production methods and reducing the amount of waste. By 2030, the national recycling rate should increase, as measured in many recyclable materials. Furthermore, companies should adopt sustainable practices and publish sustainability reports.
Goal 13: Climate Action
"Take immediate action to combat climate change and its impact by regulating emissions and promoting developments in renewable energy."
The UN discussions and negotiations identified the relationship between the post-2015 SDG process and the Financing for Development process that ended in Addis Ababa in July 2015 and the COP 21 Climate Change conference in Paris in December 2015.
In May 2015, a report concluded that only a very ambitious climate agreement in Paris in 2015 could enable countries to achieve sustainable development targets and targets. The report also states that addressing climate change will only be possible if SDG is met. Furthermore, economic development and climate change are closely linked, especially around poverty, gender equality, and energy. The UN encourages the public sector to take the initiative in this effort to minimize negative impacts on the environment.
This updated emphasis on climate change mitigation is made possible by the partial Sino-American convergence developed in 2015-2016, especially at the UN COP21 (Paris) Summit and the subsequent G20 (Hangzhou) conference.
As one of the areas most vulnerable to unprecedented climate change impacts, the Asia-Pacific region needs more Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) to successfully implement its sustainable development initiatives.
Goal 14: Life Under Water
"Save and sustainably use oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development."
The oceans cover 71 percent of Earth's surface. They are very important to make the planet habitable. Rainwater, drinking water and climate are all governed by temperature and ocean currents. More than 3 billion people depend on marine life as their livelihood. The oceans absorb 30 percent of all the carbon dioxide produced by humans.
The oceans contain more than 200,000 identified species, and there may be thousands of undiscovered species. The sea is the largest source of protein in the world. However, there is a 26 percent increase in acidification since the industrial revolution. As many as 30 percent of marine habitats have been destroyed, and 30 percent of the world's fish stocks are being overexploited. Marine pollution has reached a surprising level; every minute, 15 tons of plastic is released into the oceans. 20 percent of all coral reefs have been destroyed irreversibly, and another 24 percent are at immediate risk of collapse. Approximately 1 million sea birds, 100 000 marine mammals, and unknown number of fish are harmed or die annually due to human-caused sea pollution. It has been found that 95 percent of fulmars in Norway have plastic parts in their intestines. Microplastic is another form of marine pollution.
Individuals can help the oceans by reducing energy consumption and the use of plastics. Nations can also take action. In Norway, for example, citizens, working through a web page called finn.no, can make money to buy plastic on the beach. Several countries, including Kenya, have banned the use of plastic bags for retail purchases.
Improving the oceans contributes to poverty reduction, as it provides low-income families with healthy income sources and foods. Keeping beaches and seawater clean in less developed countries can attract tourism, as stated in Goal 8, and reduce poverty by providing more jobs.
Targets include preventing and reducing pollution and ocean acidification, protecting marine and coastal ecosystems, and managing fishing. The target also calls for increased scientific knowledge about the oceans.
Goal 15: Life on the Land
"Protect, restore, and promote sustainable use of the terrestrial ecosystem, manage forests sustainably, combat desertification, and stop and reverse land degradation and stop biodiversity loss."
This objective articulates targets for conserving the biodiversity of forest ecosystems, deserts, and mountains, as a percentage of the total land area. Achieving "a world free of land degradation" can be achieved by restoring degraded forests and land lost due to drought and floods. Goal 15 asks more attention to prevent the invasion of alien species and more protection of endangered wildlife.
The Green Green Cover Index monitors progress towards target 15.4, which focuses on the preservation of mountain ecosystems. Index is named as indicator for target 15.4. Similarly, the Red List Index (RLI) will populate the monitoring function for biodiversity purposes by documenting the path of endangered species.
Goal 16: Peace, Justice and Strong Institute
"Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, providing access to justice for all and building effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels."
Reducing violent crime, sex trafficking, forced labor, and child abuse is a clear global goal. The International community values ​​peace and justice and calls for a stronger judicial system that will enforce the law and work towards a more peaceful and just society. By 2017, the UN can report progress in detecting trafficking victims. More women and girls than men and boys become victims, but the share of women and girls is slowly declining. In 2004, 84 percent of the victims were women and by 2014 that number decreased to 71 percent. The amount of sexual exploitation decreased, but forced labor increased.
One of the targets is to end the sex trade, forced labor, and all forms of violence against and torture of children. However, reliance on "reported crime" indicators makes monitoring and achieving these goals challenging. For example, 84 percent of countries do not have or insufficient data on violent sentences against children. From the available data, it is clear that violence against children by their caregivers remains widespread: Almost 8 out of 10 children aged 1 to 14 are subjected to regular violent discipline (regardless of income), and no country is on track to eliminate discipline violent in 2030.
SDG 16 also targets universal legal identity and birth registration, ensures rights to names and nationalities, civil rights, legal recognition, and access to justice and social services. With more than a quarter of children under 5 years unregistered worldwide by 2015, about 1 in 5 countries will need to accelerate progress toward achieving universal birth registration by 2030.
Goal 17: Partnerships for Goals
"Strengthen how to implement and revitalize global partnerships for sustainable development".
Improved international cooperation is considered important to achieve each of the 16 previous objectives. Goal 17 is included to ensure that countries and organizations work together instead of competing. Developing multi-stakeholder partnerships to share knowledge, expertise, technology, and financial support is seen as critical to the overall success of SDG. Public-private partnerships involving civil society are specifically mentioned.
Criticism
Competing goal
Firstly, some SDGs may conflict. For example, looking for high-level quantitative GDP growth (as opposed to qualitative economic development and better distribution of economic products) can damage ecology, reduce inequality, and sustainability goals. Similarly, increasing employment and wages can reduce the cost of living.
Second, the goal of achieving sustainable human populations and lifestyle levels, and the scientific issues of matching ecosystems (and the Earth as a whole) to the number of humans they can sustainably support at a certain lifestyle level, seem neglected and largely unarticulated. Human population levels and reproductive rates are independent variables in achieving SDG and in achieving a sustainable Earth/Human Community, and they need to be recognized scientifically as such.
Third, in addition to population and lifestyle issues, three sectors need to unite to achieve sustainable development. It is an economic, socio-political, and environmental sector in its broadest sense. This requires the promotion of multidisciplinary and transdisciplinary research across different sectors, which can be difficult, especially when the main government fails to support it.
Fourth, the issue of demilitarization, disarmament and conversion to a peace-based economy also appears to be neglected, along with issues of corruption, drugs, job robotization, the need for global civic education, a lack of reliable UN funding and SDG, and the powerlessness of today's society to participate directly in the global level decision-making and prioritization process and thereby feel the collective togetherness necessary for successful SDG efforts.
Too many goals
A commentary in The Economist in 2015 states that 169 targets for SDGs are too numerous, describing them as "broad, misunderstood" and "cluttered" compared to the MDGs. The goal is said to ignore the local context. All 16 other goals may depend on achieving SDG 1, ending poverty, which should be at the top of a very short list of goals.
On the other hand, almost all the stakeholders involved in the negotiations to develop the SDGs agreed that a high of 17 goals was justified because the agenda they handled included everything.
High cost to achieve SDGs
The Economist estimates that reducing poverty and achieving other sustainable development goals will require about $ 2 - $ 3 trillion USD per year over the next 15 years which they call "pure fantasy". Estimates for providing clean water and sanitation for the entire population of all continents have reached US $ 200 billion. The World Bank warns that estimates should be made state by country, and often re-evaluated from time to time.
Response to criticism
Another view is more positive. SDG is the result of UN conferences not criticized by major non-governmental organizations (NGOs). In contrast, SDGs received widespread support from many NGOs. This is unlike the MDG, which has been heavily criticized by many NGOs for dealing only with problems; Instead, SDGs deal with the cause of the problem. MDGs are about development while SDGs are about sustainable development. Finally, the MDGs use the silo approach to the problem, while SDGs take into account the linkages between all the problems.
The Rockefeller Foundation asserts that "The key to financing and achieving SDGs lies in mobilizing a larger portion of the $ 200 trillion in annual private capital investment flows to development efforts, and philanthropy has an important role to play in driving this shift." The large-scale funders participating in the design thinking workshop organized by Rockefeller Foundation (June 2017: Scaling Solutions) are realistic. They conclude that while there is a moral imperative to achieve SDG, failure can not be avoided if there is no drastic change in how we do large-scale financing changes.
Implementation
Implementation of SDG is initiated worldwide by 2016. This process can also be called "Localization of SDG". Across the globe, individuals, universities, governments and institutions and organizations of all kinds work on multiple purposes at the same time. In each country, governments must translate goals into national laws, develop action plans, set budgets and at the same time be open and actively seek partners. Poor countries need the support of rich countries and coordination at the international level is very important.
The independent campaign "Project Everyone" has met resistance. In addition, some parts of civil society and government feel that SDG ignores "sustainability" even though it is the most important aspect of the agreement.
A 2018 study in the journal Nature found that while "almost all African countries show improvement for children under 5 years old for stunting, wasting, and weight... many, if not all continents will fail to meet the target of Sustainable Development Goals - to end malnutrition by 2030. "
Europe and Russia
The Baltic states, through the Baltic Sea State Council, have created the Baltic Action Plan 2030.
The World Pension Forum has observed that pension investors Britain and the EU have been at the forefront of ESG-based asset allocations at home and abroad as well as early adopters of "SDG-centric" investment practices
India
The Government of India established NITI Aayog to achieve sustainable development goals. In March 2018, Haryana became the first state in India with its annual budget focused on achieving SDG with a 3-year action plan and a 7-year strategy plan to implement sustainable development goals when Captain Abimanyu, Minister of Finance of the Haryana Government, launched INR 1,151,980 million (US $ 17 billion or EUR15 billion) annual budget 2018-19.
Cross-sectoral issues
Female Women and gender equality
There is widespread consensus that progress across all SDGs will be halted if women's empowerment and gender equality are not holistically prioritized - by policymakers as well as executives and private council members.
Statements from various sources, such as the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), UN Women and the World Pensions Forum have noted that investments in women and girls have a positive impact on the economy. The investment of national and global development often goes beyond its initial scope.
Education and sustainable development
Education for sustainable development (ESD) is explicitly acknowledged in SDG as part of Target 4.7 of the SDG on education. UNESCO promotes Global Citizenship Education (GCED) as a complementary approach. At the same time, it is important to emphasize the importance of ESD for all 16 other SDGs. With the overall goal of developing cross-sectoral sustainable competence in learners, ESD is an important contribution to all efforts to achieve SDG. This will allow individuals to contribute to sustainable development by promoting social, economic and political change and by changing their own behavior.
Education, gender, and technology
A large open online course (MOOCs) is a free open education offered through an online platform. The initial philosophy of the MOOC is to open the Higher Education quality to a wider audience. Thus, MOOCs are an important tool for achieving Goal 4 ("Ensure inclusive and fair quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all"). At the same time, the MOOC also contributes to Goal 5, as they are gender neutral and can give women and girls better access to education.
Investment driven by SDG
Capital stewardship is expected to play an important part in the progressive progress of the SDG agenda:
- "No more 'absent landlords', pension trustees began to use a stronger prerogative of governance throughout the British courtroom, Benelux and America: gathered together through the formation of pressure groups involved [...] to shift the [whole economy] system toward sustainable investment "using the SDG framework in all asset classes
History
In 1972, the government met in Stockholm, Sweden, for the UN Conference on the Human Environment, to consider the family's rights to a healthy and productive environment. In 1983, the United Nations created the World Commission on Environment and Development (later known as the Brundtland Commission), which defined sustainable development as "meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs". In 1992, the first UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) or Earth Summit was held in Rio de Janeiro, where the first agenda for Environment and Development, also known as Agenda 21, was developed and adopted.
In 2012, the UN Conference on Sustainable Development (UNCSD), also known as Rio 20, was held as a 20-year follow-up to UNCED. Colombia proposed the idea of ​​SDGs at a preparatory event for the Rio 20 held in Indonesia in July 2011. In September 2011, this idea was taken by the 66th United Nations Public Information Public Information Conference in Bonn, Germany. The results document proposes 17 sustainable development objectives and related targets. On the way to Rio 20 there is much discussion about the idea of ​​SDG. At the Rio 20 Conference, a resolution known as "The Future We Want" is achieved by member states. Among the main themes agreed upon are the alleviation of poverty, energy, water and sanitation, health, and human settlements.
The Rio 20 outcome document states that "initially, the OWG Open Working Group will decide on its working methods, including developing modalities to ensure the full involvement of relevant stakeholders and the expertise of civil society, the scientific community and the United Nations System in its work, to provide diversity perspective and experience ".
In January 2013, the 30-member UN General Assembly Working Group on Sustainable Development Objectives was established to identify specific objectives for SDG. The Open Working Group (OWG) is tasked with preparing a proposal on the SDG to be considered during the 68th session of the General Assembly, September 2013 - September 2014. On July 19, 2014, OWG forwarded the proposal for SDG to the Assembly. After 13 sessions, the OWG submitted their proposals from 17 SDG and 169 targets to the 68th session of the General Assembly in September 2014. On 5 December 2014, the UN General Assembly received the Secretary-General's Synthesis Report, stating that the agenda for the Post-2015 SDG Process will be based on OWG proposals.
Society and culture
The annual "Le Temps Presse" Festival in Paris uses cinema to awaken the public, especially youth, to the Goal of Sustainable Development. The origin of the festival was in 2010 when eight directors produced the film titled "8," which included eight short films, each featuring one of the Millennium Development Goals. After 2.5 million viewers saw "8" on YouTube, the festival was made. Now featuring a young director whose work promotes social, environmental and human commitment. The festival now focuses on the Goals of Sustainable Development.
Apple
- Action for climate empowerment (ACE)
- The climate change mitigation economy
- 2030 Agenda Education
- List of countries by Social Progress Index
- The Purpose of Sustainable Development and Iran
Source
Ã, This article incorporates text from free content works. Licensed under CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0 licensing license: Making Sense of MOOCs: Guide for Policymakers in Developing Countries , 17-18, Patru, Mariana; Balaji, Venkataraman, UNESCO. UNESCO. To learn how to add open license text to Wikipedia articles, please see Wikipedia: Added open license text to Wikipedia. For information on reusing text from Wikipedia, please see the terms of use. Ã, This article incorporates text from free content works. Licensed under the CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0 license: Education for Sustainable Development Objectives: Learning Objectives , 7, UNESCO, UNESCO. UNESCO. To learn how to add open license text to Wikipedia articles, please see Wikipedia: Added open license text to Wikipedia. For information on reusing text from Wikipedia, please see the terms of use.
References
External links
- UN-SDGs Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform
- Transition from MDGs to SDGs. Animated video by United Nations Development Program (UNDP)
- The Campaign Campaign's initial campaign on SDGs
- "Global Goals" Campaign Resume campaigns on SDGs
- Women and SDG (from UNWomen.org)
- UN SDG Campaign Action
- A Research Guide on Sustainable Development Objectives, by the UN Library in Geneva
- 2017 UN Sustainable Development Goals Report
- Global Indicator SDG UN Database
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