Based on the longstanding World Bank research program, Worldwide Governance Indicators capture the six key dimensions of governance (Voice & Accountability, Political Stability and Violence of Violence, Government Effectiveness, Quality of Regulations, Rules of Law, and Control of Corruption) between 1996 and now. They measure the quality of government in more than 200 countries, based on nearly 40 sources of data produced by more than 30 organizations worldwide and updated annually since 2002.
Governance indicators contribute to the growth of empirical research on governance that has provided activists and reformers around the world with an advocacy tool for policy reform and monitoring. The indicators and the underlying data behind them are part of the current research and opinion that has strengthened the experience and observations of reform-minded individuals in government, civil society and the private sector, that good governance is the key to development. Their growing recognition of the relationship between good governance and successful development, as demonstrated by empirical evidence, has prompted demand for monitoring governance quality across countries and in individual countries over time. Almost all of the individual data sources underlying the aggregate indicator, along with the aggregate indicator itself, are publicly available.
The Worldwide Governance Indicators are a compilation of the very diverse perceptions of respondent groups, collected in a number of other cross-country governance surveys and assessments. Some of these instruments capture the views of corporations, individuals, and public officials in the assessed countries. Others reflect the views of NGOs and assist donors with sufficient experience in the countries assessed, while others are based on valuation of commercial risk rating agencies.
The supplementary vision The Macro Global Governance Indicator is the World Bank Governance Survey, which is a country-level governance assessment tool developed by the World Bank Institute.
Video Worldwide Governance Indicators
Criticism
The World Governance Indicators offer a useful overview of some perceptions of the quality of a country's governance but researchers have pointed out significant problems in their construction. This criticism has been widely disputed by WGI authors in several publications.
These critics claim that users often fail to take account of or are unaware of their limitations. Critics include:
- Unreproducible: Many indicators underlying the ranking of each source are not published.
- Too complicated: The WGI "Control of Corruption" uses 23 source combinations only for Eastern Europe and Central Asia. The vast number and diversity of indicators, produced by others, in one WGI makes it very difficult to understand.
- Arbitrary: For example, the WGI uses the "Environmental regulation is detrimental to competitiveness" from the World Economic Forum Executive Forum Survey, but ignore some of the Surveys that rank high for countries with high environmental protection standards.
- The absence of a theory that underpins "good" governance: there is no normative concept or unification of a single theory to distinguish between good or bad governance. When are there any taxes, labor or environmental protection regulations that are desirable and when are they excessive?
- Hidden bias: Low weight is given to household surveys relative to the weight of expert judgment and company surveys. For example, the Gallup's World Poll that asks citizens about their exposure to crime gets zero weight for "Rule of Law", but Global Insight Business Risk and Conditions, a US commercial business information provider that measures crime risk for business, ranked third highest. weight.
- Lack of comparability over time: For example, the WGI "Control of Corruption" for Eastern Europe and Central Asia has 23 different source combinations, but only four pairs of country ratings based on a common set of sources.
- Lack of ability to act: WGI offers few guidelines for concrete action to improve governance quality. For example, an indicator for Rule of Law "how do businesspeople feel safe about their property" instead of why they feel that way.
- Over-selling: The World Bank Institute advertises the WGI as a "reliable measure of governance", but for example it gives a misleading impression that the views of ordinary citizens are well represented, making indicators particularly attractive to donors concerned about the poor. The WBI strongly emphasizes the inclusion of the Gallup World Poll, a cross-country household survey available to a large number of countries, but Gallup's World Poll gets zero weight on two WGI, the marginal weight of the other two WGIs and does not provide data for the remaining two.
- Lack of conceptual clarity: "[T] he six governance indicators measure the broad basic concept of 'effective governance'... they seem to say the same thing, with different words... the six indices do not differ- differentiated between the various aspects of governance.In contrast, every index - whatever the label - reflects only a perception of the broader quality of governance.The implication is that they may have limited use as a guide for policymakers, and for academic studies of causes and the consequences of 'good governance' as well... their availability may have exerted efforts to gauge the impact of agencies as they actually exist in certain places on tangible results. "
Maps Worldwide Governance Indicators
Strength
Despite the limitations mentioned above and the concerns of recent econometric research that see how reliably some of these indicators are, the vis-a-vis data collected from natural experiments and other observational surveys, have actually concluded that the Good Governance Indicators do seem to measure , although not perfect, the level of corruption and effectiveness of government..
See also
- Good governance
- Ibrahim African Government Index
- Government
- The Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA) and in particular section 10 of the GPRA Modernization Act (GPRAMA), which requires US federal agencies to publish their performance indicators in machine-readable formats, such as the Markup Language Strategy (StratML) - a practice which is good for institutions at all levels of government around the world.
References
- http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/pdf/booklet_decade_of_measuring_governance.pdf|date=July 2010
External links
- The Global Integrity Report provides transparent and reference source data used in the Worldwide Governance Indicator
- Worldwide Governance Indicators: Worldwide ranking of country performance on six governance dimensions from 1996 to present
- Press Release 2009
- Relative Documentation
- Important Governance VIII: Indicator Indicators and Individual Governments for 1996-2008
- Governance Indicators: Where are we, where do we go ?.
- Good Governance Worldwide
- Public Affairs Index - Ranking state of India on Government. Includes the 2016 PAI report by the Center for Public Affairs http://www.pacindia.org
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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