An earthquake warning system is an accelerometer, seismometer, communication, computer, and alarm system designed for large regional earthquake notification when in progress. This is not the same as the earthquake prediction, which is currently unable to produce a decisive event alert.
Video Earthquake warning system
Time delay and wave projection
Earthquakes are caused by the release of the elastic strain energy stored during the fast slide along the fault. The shear starts in some locations and progresses away from the hypocenter in each direction along the fracture surface. The speed at which this fault is developed is slower than, and is different from the resultant and shear force velocities, with pressure waves running faster than shear waves. Pressure waves produce a surprise surprise. Shear waves produce periodic movements (about 1 Hz) that are most destructive of structures, especially buildings that have the same resonance period. Usually this building is about eight floors high. This wave will be the strongest at the ends of the skid, and can project destructive waves far beyond the failure of the fault. The intensity of the remote effect is highly dependent on local soil conditions in the area and this effect is considered in building a model of the region that determines the appropriate response to a particular event.
Maps Earthquake warning system
Transit security
Such a system is currently being implemented to determine the exact real time response for an event to prevent railway operator response to urban rail systems such as BART (Bay Area Rapid Transit). The exact response depends on the time of warning, local right-road conditions, and current train speed.
Implementation
In 2016, Japan and Taiwan have a comprehensive and thorough early-earthquake warning system. Other countries and regions have limited deployment of earthquake warning systems, including Mexico (Mexico's Seismic Warning System covers both central and southern Mexico including Mexico City and Oaxaca), Romania's limited region (Basarab bridge in Bucharest), and parts of the United States. The earliest automatic earthquake detection system was installed in the 1990s; for example, in California, the Calistoga fire station system that automatically triggers sirens throughout the city to alert the entire population about earthquakes. Some California firefighters use their warning system to open the overhead doors of the fire station automatically before the earthquake can paralyze them. While many of these efforts are governmental, some private companies also produce earthquake early warning systems to protect infrastructure such as elevators, gas lines and fire stations.
The Mexican Seismic Warning System began operations in 1991 and began publicly announcing in 1993. Originally serving Mexico City with twelve sensors, the system now has 97 sensors and is designed to protect life and property in some central and southern states of Mexico.
The Japan Earthquake Early Warning System was used practically in 2006. The system that warned the general public was installed on October 1, 2007. This model was partly modeled on the Japan Railways Earthquake and Urinalysis (UrEDAS) Detection System, designed to enable automated braking bullet.
In 2009, an early warning system called ShakeAlarm was installed and commissioned in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. It was placed to protect a critical transport infrastructure piece called the George Massey Tunnel, which links the northern and southern banks of the Fraser River. In this application the system automatically closes the gate at the entrance of the tunnel if any dangerous seismic event enters. The success and reliability of the system is like in 2015 there are some additional installations on the west coast of Canada and the United States, and there is more that is being planned.
In January 2013, Francesco Finazzi of the University of Bergamo embarked on an Earthquake Network research project aimed at developing and maintaining a crowdsourced earthquake alert system based on a smartphone network. Smartphones are used to detect earth vibrations caused by earthquakes and warnings are issued as soon as an earthquake is detected. People living longer distances from the epicenter and detection points may be alerted before they are reached by destructive earthquake waves. People can take part in projects by installing the "Earthquake Network" Android app on their smartphones. This app requires the phone to receive alerts.
In December 2014, the United States Congress approved a $ 5 million allocation as part of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2014 to expand funding for system development.
The United States Geological Survey (USGS) has been investigating collaborations with Twitter's social networking site to enable faster development of ShakeMaps. Beginning in May 2015, the USGS began testing an earthquake early warning application. QuakeAlert was developed by Early Warning Labs in a USGS partnership.
In July 2015, the USGS awarded $ 4 million in funding to the Berkeley Seismological Laboratory, the California Institute of Technology and the University of Washington, to change the prototype of ShakeAlert early warning into a more robust system that can be used by "cities, industries, utilities and transport network in California, Oregon and Washington ".
The gravimetric data from the T 'hoku 2011 earthquake have been used to model for increased warning times compared to seismic models, since the gravitational field runs faster than the seismic waves.
See also
- Earthquake engineering
- earthquake preparedness
- P-wave
- Seismic retrofit
- Earthquake Early Warning (Japan)
- Mexican Seismic Warning System
References
External links
- Earthquake Early Warning - US Geological Survey
- Earthquake Early Warning - California Institute of Technology
- Bayesian Network for Classification of Earthquake Quantities in Early Warning System
- Earthquake Network - Earthquake Networks project website
- Earthquake Early Warning for Developing Countries - Grillo website
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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