Ketoic acid or ketoacids (also called oxo acids or oxoacids ) are organic compounds containing carboxylic acid groups and groups ketones. In some cases, keto groups are hydrated. Alpha-keto acid is very important in biology because they are involved in the Krebs citric acid cycle and in glycolysis.
Common types of keto acids include:
- Alpha-ketoacids, or 2-oxoacids, such as pyruvic acid, have keto groups adjacent to carboxylic acids. One important alpha-keto acid is oxaloacetic acid, a component of the Krebs cycle. Another is alpha-ketoglutarate, is a 5-carbon ketoacid acid derived from glutamic acid. Alpha-ketoglutarate participates in cell signaling by functioning as a coenzyme, and is commonly used in transamination reactions.
- Beta-ketoacids, Beta-ketoacids, or 3-oxoacides, such as acetoacetic acids, have ketone groups on the second carbon of carboxylic acids. They can be formed by Claisen condensation.
- Gamma-keto acids, Gamma-ketoacids, or 4-oxoacids, such as levulinic acid, have ketone groups on the third carbon of carboxylic acids.
Keto acids appear in various anabolic pathways in metabolism, throughout living organisms. For example, in plants (in particular, in hemlock, pitcher plants, and parsley fools), 5 oxo-octanoic acids are converted in enzymatic and non-enzymatic steps into the cyclic class of the coniine alkaloid.
When sugar is digested and carbohydrate levels are low, stored fats and proteins are the main source of energy production. The glucogenic amino acid of the protein is converted into glucose. Ketogenic amino acids can be deaminated to produce keto-alpha acids and ketone bodies.
Alpha keto acid is used primarily as energy for liver cells and fatty acid synthesis, also in the liver.
Video Keto acid
See also
- Ulosic acid
- Pseudoacid
Maps Keto acid
References
External links
- Keto Acids at the US National Library of Medicine's Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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