In chemical nomenclature, IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry is a systematic method of naming inorganic chemical compounds, as recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). It is published in the Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry (which is informally called the Red Book). Ideally, any inorganic compound should have the name from which the ambiguous formula can be determined. There is also the nomenclature of IUPAC organic chemistry.
Video IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry
Sistem
The names of "caffeine" and "3,7-dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione" both signify the same chemical. The name systematically encodes the structure and composition of the caffeine molecule in detail, and provides an unambiguous reference to this compound, while the name "caffeine" is just that name. This advantage makes the systematic name far superior to the common name when clarity and precision are absolutely necessary. However, for the sake of brevity, even professional chemists will use non-systematic names most of the time, because caffeine is a common chemical known for its unique structure. Similarly, H 2 O is most often simply called water in English, although other chemical names do exist.
- Single-atom anions are named with -ide suffixes: for example, H - is a hydride.
- Compounds with positive (cation) ions: The name of the compound is the name of the cation (usually the same as the element), followed by the anion. For example, NaCl is sodium chloride , and CaF 2 is calcium fluoride .
- Cations that use more than one positive charge are labeled Roman numerals in parentheses. For example, Cu is copper (I), Cu 2 is copper (II). Older and outdated notation is to add -ous or -ic to the Latin root name to name ions with smaller or larger loads. Under this naming convention, Cu is cuprous and Cu 2 is cupric. For naming complex metal see page in complex (chemical).
- Oksianions (polyaromic anions containing oxygen) are named with -ite or -ate , for less or greater oxygen quantities. For example, NO - 2 is nitrite, while NO -
3 is nitrate. If four oxyanions are possible, the hypo - and per - prefixes are used: hypochlorite is ClO - , perkchlorate is ClO -
4 . - The bi - prefix is ​​the abandoned way to indicate the presence of a single hydrogen ion, as in "sodium bicarbonate" (NaHCO 3 ). Modern methods specifically mention the name of the hydrogen atom. Thus, NaHCO 3 will be pronounced sodium hydrogen carbonate.
Positively charged ions are called negatively charged cations and ions called anions. The cation is always named first. Ions may be metals, non-metals or polyatomic ions. Therefore, the name of a positive polyatomic metal or ion is followed by the name of a non-metallic or negative polyatomic ion. Positive ions retain the element's name while for a non-metallic anion, the ending is changed to -ide .
- Example: sodium chloride, potassium oxide, or calcium carbonate.
When the metal has more than one possibility of ionic charge or oxidation number, the name becomes ambiguous. In this case the oxidation number (equal to the charge) of the metal ion represented by the Roman numerals in parentheses immediately follows the name of the metal ion. For example, in uranium (VI) fluoride, the uranium oxidation number is 6. Another example is iron oxide. FeO is iron (II) oxide and Fe 2 O 3 is iron (III) oxide.
The older system uses the prefix and suffix to show the oxidation number, according to the following scheme:
Thus four oxyacids of chlorine are called hypochlorite acids (HOCl), hydrochloric acid (HOClO), hydrochloric acid (HOClO 2 ) and perchloric acid (HOClO 3 ), and they are bases Each conjugate is a hypochlorite ion, chlorite, chlorate, and perchlorate. This system is partially unused, but persists by the common name of many chemical compounds: modern literature contains little reference to "iron chloride" (instead of calling it "iron (III) chloride"), but names like "potassium permanganate" (not "potassium" manganate (VII) ") and" sulfuric acid "are abundant.
Maps IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry
Traditional naming
Name the simple ion compound
The ionic compounds are named for their cation followed by anions. See polyatomic ions for a list of possible ions.
For cations that take a lot of costs, the costs are written using Roman numerals in parentheses immediately following the element name. For example, Cu (NOT 3 ) 2 is copper (II) nitrate , because the charge of two nitrate ions ( NO < sup style = "font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline"> -
3 ) is 2 Ã,ÃÆ' â €" Ã, -1Ã, = Ã, -2, and since the net charge of the ionic compound must be zero, Cu have charge 2. This compound is therefore copper (II) nitrate. In the case of cations with oxidation state 4, the only acceptable format for Roman numerals 4 is IV and not IIII.
The real Roman numerals show the oxidation number, but in simple ionic compounds (ie, not metal complexes) this will always be equal to the ion charge on the metal. For a simple overview see [1], for more details see the page selected from the IUPAC rules for naming inorganic compounds.
List of common ion names
Anion monoatomik:
- Cl -
chloride - S 2 -
sulfida - P 3 -
fosfida
Hydrates are ionic compounds that have absorbed water. They are referred to as ionic compounds followed by numerical prefixes and -hydration . The numerical prefix used is listed below (see IUPAC numerical multiplier):
- mono -
- in -
- tri -
- tetra -
- penta -
- hexa -
- hepta -
- okta -
- Miss -
- deca -
For example, CuSO 4 Ã, Â · 5H 2 O is "copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate".
The molecular compound of naming
Inorganic molecular compounds are named with the prefix (see list above) before each element. The more electronegative element is written last and with the suffix -ide . For example, H 2 O (water) can be called dihydrogen monoxide . Organic molecules do not follow this rule. In addition, the prefix mono - is not used with the first element; for example, SO 2 is sulfur dioxide , not "monosulfur dioxide". Sometimes the prefix is ​​shortened when the final vowel of the prefix "conflicts" with the initial vowel in the compound. It makes the name easier said; for example, CO is "carbon monoxide" (as opposed to "monooxide").
General exceptions
There are a number of exceptions and special cases that violate the above rules. Sometimes the remaining prefix of the starting atom: I 2 O 5 is known as iodine pentoxide , but it should be called diiodine pentoxide . N 2 O 3 is called nitrogen sesquioxide ( sesqui - means 1 1 / 2 ).
The main oxide of phosphorus is called phosphorus pentoxide . This should actually be diphosphorus pentoxide , but it is assumed that there are two phosphorus atoms (P 2 5 ), since they are needed in order to balance the oxidation number of the five oxygen atoms. However, people have known for years that the actual shape of the molecule is P 4 O 10 , not P 2 O 5 , but this is not usually called tetraphosphorus decaoxide .
In writing the formula, amonia is NH 3 even though nitrogen is more electronegative. Likewise, methane is written as CH 4 even though carbon is more electronegative.
revision 2005 IUPAC nomenclature for inorganic compounds
Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry
The Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry, by a chemist usually referred to as Red Book , is a collection of recommendations at the IUPAC nomenclature, published at irregular intervals by IUPAC. The last full edition was published in 2005, both in paper and electronic versions.
See also
- IUPAC nomenclature
- Nomenclature of IUPAC organic chemistry
- List of inorganic compounds
- Water Crystalization
- Nomenclature IUPAC inorganic chemistry 2005 ( Red Book )
- Organic Chemistry Nomenclature ( Blue Book )
- Number, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry ( Green Book )
- Summary of Chemical Terminology ( Golden Book )
- Compendium of Analytical Nomenclature (the Orange Book )
References
External links
- Bibliography of the IUPAC Recommendation on Inorganic Nomenclature (last updated February 17, 2004)
- ChemTeam Highschool Tutorial
- SUNY Potsdam.edu PDF file
- American Chemical Society, Nomenclature Committee, Terminology & amp; Symbols
- Online version (Recommendation 2005)
- Recommendation 2000-Red Book II (incomplete)
- The Definitive Rules of 1970 ( pdf )
- Official site
- IUPAC Nomenclature Books Series (commonly known as " Color Book ")
- Bibliography of translation
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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