Mouthwash , rinse mouth , rinse mouth , or mouth bath is a fluid held in the mouth passively or bubbly around the mouth with perioral muscle contraction and/or head movement, and perhaps gargle, where the head is tilted back and fluid bubbling at the back of the mouth.
Usually mouthwash is an antiseptic solution intended to reduce the burden of microbes in the oral cavity, although other mouthwashes may be given for other reasons such as for analgesic, anti-inflammatory or anti-fungal action. In addition, some rinsing acts as a substitute for saliva to neutralize the acid and keep the mouth moist in xerostomia (dry mouth). Cosmetic mouthwashes temporarily control or reduce bad breath and leave the mouth with a pleasant taste.
Rinsing with water or mouthwash after brushing with fluoride toothpaste can reduce the availability of saliva fluoride. This can decrease the effects of anti-cavity and antibacterial mineralization of fluoride. Fluorinated fluids can reduce this effect or in high concentrations increase the available fluoride. A group of experts discussing post-brushing in 2012 found that there are clear guidelines given in many public health advice publications to "spit, avoid gargling with water/gargling with water" they believe there is limited evidence base for best practice.
Video Mouthwash
Use
Common uses include mouth rinse with about 20-50 ml (2/3 fl oz) mouthwash. Washing usually swings or rinsing for about half a minute and then spits out. Most companies advise against drinking water immediately after using mouthwash. In some brands, expectorants are stained, so people can see bacteria and flakes. Mouthwashes should not be used immediately after brushing so as not to clean up any useful residual fluoride left behind from toothpaste. Similarly, the mouth should not be rinsed with water after being brushed. Patients were told to "spit no rinse" after brushing as part of a National Health Service campaign in the UK.
Gargling is where the head is tilted back, allowing the mouthwash to sit on the back of the mouth when exhaling, causing the liquid to become bubbles. Gargling performed in Japan to detect viral infection prevention. One common way to use is with infusion or tea. In some cultures, gargling is usually done in private, usually in the bathroom in the sink so that the liquid can be rinsed.
Maps Mouthwash
Benefits and side effects
The most common use of mouthwash is commercial antiseptics, which are used at home as part of the oral hygiene routine. Examples of commercial mouthwash products include C? Pacol, Colgate, Corsodyl, Dentyl pH, Listerine, Odol, Oral-B, Sarakan, Scope, Tantum verde, and Biotene. Mouthwash combines ingredients to treat various oral conditions. General variations, and mouthwashes do not have a standard formulation so their use and recommendations involve concerns about patient safety. Some mouthwash producers claim that antiseptic and anti-plasty mouth rinses kill the bacterial plaque that causes cavities, gingivitis, and bad breath. However, it is generally agreed that the use of mouthwash does not eliminate the need for brushing and flossing. The American Dental Association affirms that regular brushing and proper flossing is sufficient in many cases, in addition to routine dental checkups, although they consent to many mouthwashes. For many patients, however, mechanical methods can be tedious and time consuming and the addition of some local conditions can make them very difficult. Chemotherapy agents, including mouthwashes, may have a key role in addition to daily home care, preventing and controlling supragingival plaque, gingivitis and oral cavity.
Transient and temporary side effects of mouthwash are very common, such as taste disorders, tooth stains, dry mouth sensations, etc. Alcohol-based desserts can make the mouth dry and the mouth smell worse because it dries the mouth. Pain, ulceration and redness can sometimes occur (eg aphthous stomatitis, allergic contact stomatitis) if the person is allergic or sensitive to mouthwash ingredients such as preservatives, dyes, flavors and fragrances. The effect can be reduced or eliminated by dissolving mouthwash with water, using different mouthwash (eg salt water), or before mouthwash completely.
Prescription mouth medicine is used before and after oral surgical procedures such as tooth extraction or to treat pain associated with mucositis caused by radiation therapy or chemotherapy. They are also prescribed for aphthous ulcers, other oral ulcers, and other oral pain. Magical mouthwash is a prescription mouthwash compounded in a pharmacy from a list of ingredients prescribed by a doctor. Despite the lack of evidence that prescription mouthwash is more effective in reducing the pain of oral lesions, many patients and prescriptions continue to use it. There is only one controlled study to evaluate the effectiveness of the magical mouthwash; this shows no difference in efficacy among the most common formulations and commercial rinse such as chlorhexidine or salt/baking soda solution. Current guidelines show that saline solution is as effective as a magical mouthwash in relieving pain or shortening the healing time of oral mucositis from cancer therapy.
History
The first known reference to mouth rinse is in Ayurveda and Chinese medicine, around 2700 BC, for the treatment of gingivitis. Later, in the Greek and Roman periods, mouth-washing after mechanical cleansing became common among the upper classes, and Hippocrates recommended a mixture of salt, alum and vinegar. The Jewish Talmud, which is about 1,800 years old, shows medicines for gum disease containing "water dough" and olive oil.
Before Europeans came to America, North American and Mesoamerican native cultures used mouthwash, often made from plants such as Coptis trifolia . Indeed, Aztec dentistry is more advanced than today's European dentistry. Americans use salt water gargles for sore throats, and other mouthwashes for problems like teeth and mouth ulcers.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek, a famous 17th-century microscope, discovered living organisms (living, as they move) in tooth deposits (what we now call dental plaque). He also found an organism in the water from a channel next to his home in Delft. He experimented with samples by adding vinegar or brandy and found that this resulted in direct immobilization or killing of suspended organisms in water. Next he tried to rinse his mouth and others with a mouthwash containing vinegar or brandy and found that living organisms remained in dental plaque. He concluded - correctly - that mouthwash did not reach, or did not exist long enough, to kill plaque organisms. In 1892, German Richard Seifert invented the product of the mouthwash of Odol, produced by company founder Karl August Lingner (1861-1916) in Dresden.
It remained the situation until the late 1960s when Harald Loe (then a professor at Royal Dental College in Aarhus, Denmark) showed that chlorhexidine compounds could prevent the buildup of dental plaque. The reason for the effectiveness of chlorhexidine is that it is highly attached to the inner surface of the mouth and thus remains present in effective concentrations for hours.
Since then, commercial interest in mouthwash is very strong and some new products claim the effectiveness in reducing the buildup of dental plaque and the severity of gingivitis, in addition to overcoming bad breath. Many of these solutions aim to control the Volatile Sulfur Compound (VSC) -making anaerobic bacteria that live in the mouth and secrete substances that cause unpleasant mouth odor and unpleasant mouth. For example, the number of mouthwash variants in the United States has increased from 15 (1970) to 66 (1998) to 113 (2012).
Research
Research in the field of microbiota shows that only a group of microbes that cause tooth decay, with most of the bacteria in the human mouth is not dangerous. Attention focused on cavity-causing bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans has led the study into new mouthwash treatments that prevent these bacteria from initially growing. While current oral care should be used with a frequency level to prevent these bacteria from growing again, future care could provide a viable long-term solution.
Materials
Alcohol
Alcohol is added to the mouthwash not to destroy bacteria but to act as a carrier agent for essential active ingredients such as menthol, eucalyptol and thymol that help penetrate plaque. Sometimes large amounts of alcohol (up to 27 vol%) are added, as a flavored carrier, to give a "bite". Due to alcohol content, it is possible to fail breathalyzer test after rinsing although alcoholic breath rate returns to normal after 10 min. In addition, alcohol is a drying agent, which promotes bacterial activity in the mouth, releasing more smelly volatile sulfur compounds. Therefore, alcohol-based mouthwashes can temporarily aggravate halitosis in those who already have it, or indeed be the sole cause of halitosis in other individuals.
It is hypothesized that alcohol rinse acts as a carcinogen (inducing cancer). Generally, there is no scientific consensus on this. One review stated:
There is now sufficient evidence to accept the proposition that developing oral cancer is enhanced or contributed by the use of an alcohol-containing mouthwash. While many of these products have proven effective in penetrating oral microbial biofilms in vitro and reducing oral bacteria burden, it would be wise to limit their use to short-term therapy situations if necessary. Perhaps the use of non-alcoholic mouthwash may be just as effective. Furthermore, mouthwash should be prescribed by the dentist, like any other medication. There may be a reason for the use of an alcohol-based mouthwash, but only for certain situations and for a limited and controlled period of time. Thus, patients should be given written instructions for use of mouthwashes, and use of mouthwash should be limited to adults for short and specific periods, for obvious reasons. It is the opinion of the authors that, given the currently available evidence of an alcohol-based mouthwash association with the development of oral cancer, it would be advisable for oral health professionals to recommend long-term use of alcohol containing mouthwash.
The same researchers also stated that the risk of contracting oral cancer increases almost five times for users of mouthwash containing alcohol that is not smoking or drinking (with a higher rate of increase for those who do). In addition, the authors highlighted the side effects of some major mouth medications that included tooth erosion and accidental childhood poisoning. This review garnered media attention and conflicting opinions from other researchers. Yinka Ebo from Cancer Research UK denied the findings, concluding that "there is still insufficient evidence to suggest that using an alcohol-based mouthwash increases the risk of oral cancer." Studies conducted in 1985, 1995, 2003, and 2012 do not support a link between mouthwash containing alcohol and oral cancer. Andrew Penman, chief executive of The Cancer Council of New South Wales, called for more research on the issue. In a March 2009 summary, the American Dental Association said "available evidence does not support the link between mouth cancer and mouthwash containing alcohol". Many newer brands of alcohol-based mouthwashes, not only in response to consumer concerns about oral cancer, but also to serve religious groups who abstain from alcohol consumption.
Antibiotics
Benzalkonium chloride
Benzydamine/Difflam (analgesik)
In painful mouth conditions such as aphthous stomatitis, analgesic mouthwash (eg benzydamine mouthwash, or "Difflam") is sometimes used to relieve pain, commonly used before meals to reduce discomfort during meals.
Benzoic acid
Acting as a buffer
Betadine
Betamethasone
Betamethasone is sometimes used as an anti-inflammatory corticosteroid mouthwash. It can be used for severe inflammatory conditions of the oral mucosa such as severe forms of aphthous stomatitis.
Calcium
Cetylpyridinium chloride (antiseptik, antimalodor)
Cetylpyridinium chloride containing mouthwash (eg 0.05%) is used in some gargles specifically for halitosis. Cetylpyridinium mouthwashes have less anti-plaque effect than chlorhexidine and may cause dye staining, or sometimes burning sensation or oral ulceration.
Chlorhexidine digluconate and Hexetidine (antiseptic)
Chlorhexidine digluconate is a chemical antiseptic and is used in 0.12-0.2% solution as a mouthwash. However, there is no supportive evidence that higher concentrations are more effective in controlling dental plaque and gingivitis. It has anti-plaque action, but also some anti-fungal action. This is very effective against Gram-negative rods. The proportion of Gram-negative rods increases with the development of gingivitis so it is also used to reduce gingivitis. Sometimes used as an adjunct to prevent dental caries and to treat gingivitis periodontal disease, although it does not penetrate into the periodontal pocket properly. Chlorhexidine mouthwash itself can not prevent plaque, so this is not a substitute for regular brushing and flossing. In contrast, chlorhexidine is more effectively used as an adjuvant treatment by brushing and flossing. In the short term, if brushing is not possible because of pain, as is possible with primary herpes gingivostomatitis, chlorhexidine is used as a temporary substitute for other oral hygiene measures. It is not suitable for use in acute ulcerative ulcerative gingivitis, however. Rinsing with chlorhexidine mouthwash before tooth extraction reduces the risk of dry sockets, a painful condition in which the blood clot is lost from the extraction socket and bone exposed to the oral cavity. Other uses of chlorhexidine mouthwash include the prevention of oral candidiasis in people with immune disorders, treatment of denture-related stomatitis, mucosal ulceration/erosion and oral mucosal lesions, generalized burning sensations and many other uses.
Chlorhexidine has good substantivity (the ability of mouthwash to bind hard and soft tissue in the mouth). However, chlorhexidine binds to tannins, which means that long-term use in people who consume coffee, tea or red wine is associated with extrinsic staining (ie, removable staining) of the teeth. Chlorhexidine mouthwash can also cause flavor and/or alteration. Chlorhexidine is rarely associated with other problems such as excessive enterobacteria growth in people with leukemia, desquamation and mucosal irritation of the mouth, salivary gland pain and swelling, and hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylaxis. A randomized clinical trial conducted at Rabat university in Morocco found better results in plaque inhibition when chlorohexidine with a 0.12% alcohol base was used, when compared with 0.1% alcohol-free chlorhexidine mouthwash.
Hexetidine also has anti-plaque, analgesic, astringent and anti-malodor properties but is considered an inferior alternative to Chlorhexidine.
Diphenhydramine
antihistamin
Domiphen bromide
Edible oil
In traditional Ayurvedic medicine, the use of mouthwash oil is called "Kavala" ("sizzling oil") or "Gandusha", and this practice has recently been marketed by the free and alternative medicine industry as "attractive oil". Its promoter claims it works by "pulling out" "poison", known as ama in Ayurvedic medicine, and thus reduces inflammation. Ayurvedic literature shows attractive oils capable of improving oral and systemic health, including benefits in conditions such as headaches, migraines, diabetes mellitus, asthma, and acne, as well as teeth whitening.
Interesting oil has received little study and there is little evidence to support claims made by engineering supporters. When compared with chlorhexidine in one small study, it was found to be less effective in reducing oral bacteria burden, otherwise the health claims of withdrawal have failed scientific verification or have not been studied. There have been reports of lipid pneumonia caused by accidental inhalation of oil during oil withdrawals.
The mouth is rinsed with about a tablespoon of oil for 10-20 minutes then spit out. Sesame oil, coconut oil and ghee are traditionally used, but newer oils such as sunflower oil are also used.
Essential oils and phenols
Phenolic compounds include essential oil constituents that have some antibacterial properties, such as phenol, thymol, eugenol, eucalyptol or menthol. Essential oils are oils that have been extracted from plants. Mouthwash based on essential oils can be more effective than traditional oral care - for anti-gingival treatments. They have been found to be effective in reducing halitosis, and are used in some commercial mouthwashes.
Fluoride (anticavity)
Anti-cavity soap uses fluoride to protect teeth from tooth decay. Most people who use fluoride toothpaste do not require fluoride-containing mouthwash, but fluoride mouthwash is sometimes used in individuals at high risk of tooth decay, due to dental caries or people with xerostomia.
Flavoring and Xylitol
Seasoning agents include sweeteners such as sorbitol, sucralose, sodium saccharin, and xylitol, which stimulate salivary function because of its sweetness and flavor and help restore the mouth to neutral acidity.
Xylitol rinses double as a bacterial inhibitor and has been used as a substitute for Alcohol to avoid Alcohol-related mouth dryness.
Glucocorticoids (anti-inflammatory)
Hydrogen peroxide
Hydrogen peroxide can be used as an oxidizing mouthwash (eg Peroxyl, 1.5%). It kills anaerobic bacteria, and also has a mechanical cleaning action when foaming when in contact with debris in the mouth. It is often used in the short term to treat acute ulcerative gingivitis necrosis. Side effects with long-term use may occur, including lingual papilla hypertrophy.
Lactoperoxidase (saliva substitute)
Enzymes and proteins such as Lactoperoxidase, Lysozyme, Lactoferrin have been used in mouthwashes (eg Biotene) to reduce oral bacteria and hence the acid produced by bacteria.
Lidocaine/xylocaine
Oral lidocaine is useful for the treatment of symptoms of mucositis (inflammatory mucous membranes) induced by radiation or chemotherapy. There is evidence that a lidocaine anesthetic mouthwash has the potential to be systemically absorbed when tested in patients with oral mucositis undergoing bone marrow transplantation.
local anesthesia
Maalox
Antacids
Methyl salicylate
Some functions - Anti-Septic, Anti-Inflammatory, Analgesic, Taste and Fragrance Methylsalicylates have some anti-plaque action but less substantivity than chlorhexidine. They do not stain teeth.
Nystatin
The nystatin suspension is an antifungal agent used for the treatment of oral candidiasis.
Persica or alum
Kalium oksalat
A randomized clinical trial found promising results in controlling and reducing dentin hypersensitivity when potassium oxalate mouth rinse was used in conjugation by brushing.
Povidone/iodine
A 2005 study found that gargling three times daily with simple water or with Povidone-iodine solution was effective in preventing upper respiratory tract infections and reducing the severity of symptoms if contracted. Subsequent studies found that the same procedure did not prevent diseases such as influenza. Other sources attribute benefits to a simple placebo effect.
Sanguinarine
Drugs containing Sanguinarine desserts are marketed as anti-plaque and anti-malodor. This is a toxic alkaloid herbal extract, obtained from plants such as Sanguinaria canadensis (Blood Root), Argemone mexicana (Peking Prickly Mexico) and others. However, its use is closely related to the development of leukoplakia (white patches in the mouth), usually in buccal sulcus. This type of leukoplakia is called "siuinaria-related keratosis" and more than 80% of people with leukoplakia in the vestibule have used this substance. Having stopped contact with the substance of the cause, the lesions may persist for many years. Although this type of leukoplakia may show dysplasia, the potential for malignant transformation is unknown. Ironically, elements in the free and alternative medicine industry promote the use of sanguinaria as a therapy for cancer.
Sodium benzoate or methylparaben (preservatives)
Sodium bicarbonate (baking soda)
Sodium bicarbonate is sometimes combined with salt to make simple homemade mouthwashes, which are indicated for one of the reasons why saltwater mouthwash might be used. Pre-mixed mouthwashes of 1% sodium bicarbonate and 1.5% sodium chloride in aqueous solutions are marketed, although pharmacists will easily be able to produce such formulations from the base material when necessary. Sodium bicarbonate mouthwash is sometimes used to remove thick saliva and to help visualize oral tissue during oral examination. Sodium_chloride_ (salt) "> Sodium chloride (salt)
Wash mouth watering is done by dissolving 0.5 to 1 tablespoon of table salt into a cup of water, which is as hot as possible without causing discomfort in the mouth. Saline has mechanical cleansing and antiseptic action because it is a hypertonic solution in relation to bacteria, which are lysed. The heat from the solution results in a therapeutic increase in blood flow (hyperemia) to the surgical site, promoting healing. Salt water gargle also promotes draining pus from tooth abscess. Conversely, if heat is applied to the side of the face (eg, hot water bottle) than inside the mouth, it may cause tooth abscess to dry extra-orally, which is then associated with the facial fibrosis area (see cutaneous sinuses of the tooth). Gargling with salt water is said to reduce the symptoms of sore throat.
Hot-brine mouth bath (or hot salt water dessert, sometimes abbreviated as "HSWMW") is also routinely used after mouth surgery, to keep food scraps from wound healing and to prevent infection. Some oral surgeons consider salt water to be the mainstay of mouth hygiene after surgery. In tooth extraction, hot brine mouth should be started about 24 hours after tooth extraction. The term mouth bath implies that the fluid is passively held in the mouth rather than tumultuously around, which can release a blood clot. After a stable blood clot, oral washing can be used more actively. These mouthwashes tend to be recommended about 6 times per day, especially after eating to remove food from the socket.
Sodium lauryl sulfate (foaming agent)
Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) is the user as a foaming agent in many oral hygiene products including many mouthwashes. Some may suggest that it may be advisable to use mouthwash at least an hour after brushing with toothpaste when the toothpaste contains SLS, since anionic compounds in the SLS toothpaste can disable the cationic agent present in the mouthwash. However, many of the popular mouthwashes also contain SLS as an ingredient (eg, Listerine Total Care).
Sucralfate
Sucralfate is a mucosal coating agent, composed of aluminum salts of sulfated sucrose. It is not recommended for use in the prevention of oral mucositis in head and neck cancer patients receiving radiotherapy or chemoradiation due to the lack of efficacy found in well-designed randomized controlled trials.
Tetracycline (antibiotics)
Tetracycline is an antibiotic that can sometimes be used as an adult mouthwash (it causes staining of red teeth in children). Sometimes used for herpetiforme ulcers (an unusual type of aphthous stomatitis), but long-term use may lead to oral candidiasis because the oral fungus population grows too high without sufficient competitive bacteria. Similarly, Minocycline desserts of 0.5% concentration may relieve the symptoms of repetitive aphthous stomatitis. Erythromycin is similar.
Tranexamic acid
4.8% tranexamic acid solution is sometimes used as an antifibrinolytic mouthwash to prevent bleeding during and after mouth surgery in people with coagulopathy (clotting disorders) or who use anticoagulants (blood thinners such as warfarin).
Triclosan
Triclosan is a nonionic bisphenol chlorine antiseptic found in some mouthwashes. When used in mouthwash (eg 0.03%), there is moderate substantivity, broad-spectrum anti-bacterial action, multiple anti-fungal actions and significant anti-plaque effects, especially when combined with copolymers or zinc citrates. Triclosan does not cause dyeing of teeth. The safety of triclosan has been questioned.
Zinc
Astringents such as zinc chloride provide a pleasant sensation and a shrinking tissue. Zinc when used in combination with other anti-septic agents may limit tartar buildup
References
External links
- Articles on Prevention Products Bad breath - from MSNBC
- Mayo Clinic Q & amp; A on Magic Mouthwash for chemotherapy injuries
- Gargle at Cancer Cancer Center, University of Newcastle at Tyne
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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